Networking

2011-10-07T13:15:00.001+07:00

mengaji......

Area of Concern

2011-07-13T11:52:00.002+07:00

Although a ticketing system has been establish to manage IT trouble reports from user, The IT section has not defined yet the criteria of SLA to prioritze trouble shooting action baed on several level of the case.

My Job Title

2011-06-29T10:43:00.000+07:00

Merencanakan, memaintain, memonitor dan mengevaluasi semua proses IT, dalam bidang networking, database dan sistim administrasi, helpdesk, software development, web development, sistim multimedia serta ISO 9001:2008 di perusahaan, sesuai dengan kebijakan manajemen, dengan tujuan untuk memastikan semua proses information Technology (IT) pada perusahaan berjalan secara efektif dan efisien, serta stabil.

category of database administrator

2011-05-23T09:03:00.001+07:00

Database Administrator Job Description
Description: This position is the primary technical resource for the design and maintenance of Association databases and provides database maintenance, including coordinating and setting access security, setting up and managing data replication and data transformation activities, documenting system configuration, and tuning database performance.

Database Administrator/Information Technology Manager
Organization: Anonymous
Description: Job responsibilities for the position of database administrator/information technology manager.
Contact: Anonymous

Database Analyst Job Description
Description: This sample position description for a database analyst provides the specific responsibilities, requirements, and work attributes for a candidate who will be responsible for analyzing, designing, implementing and modifying computer systems and sub-systems.

Database Specialist
Organization: National Athletic Trainers' Association , http://www.nata.org
Description: This position description provided by NATA outlines the responsibilities of a Database Specialist, which include providing membership information to interested parties, database support, and assisting the IT department when needed.
Contact: Karen Peterson, SPHR, CAE , karenp@nata.org

Database and Operations Services Specialist Job Description
Description: This position is responsible for jobs including mailing lists, database queries, computer supply inventory, monitoring of backup tapes, and computer equipment setup for onsite meetings

Ref: http://www.asaecenter.org

Why Facebook Still Doesn’t Have An iPad App?

2011-02-08T14:13:00.000+07:00

Today at its mobile event, Facebook executives Mark Zuckerberg and Erick Tseng gave some (vague) answers as to why there still isn’t an official iPad application.

Zuckerberg was pretty blunt when it came to explaining why there wasn’t an iPad launch during today’s mobile event: “The iPad isn’t mobile”. He later qualified this statement to say that Facebook loves working with Apple, but that the iPad isn’t as mobile as a phone (he’s right).

Tseng stepped in to add that the rise of tablets isn’t going to be about the iPad alone — we’re going to soon see numerous additional devices running on Android and possibly other platforms. And given Facebook’s limited resources, it doesn’t really make sense to hone in on a single platform.

Facebook needs a solution that will let it deploy features across multiple devices quickly, so there isn’t a lag time like there has been between the Android and iPhone apps. In other words, we’re probably going to see a web-based mobile application that’s going to be targeted specifically at the tablet form factor.

Backup User on Linux

2010-12-17T14:26:00.001+07:00

Backup the following files:
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/group
/etc/samba/*
/home/*
If you have to rebuild, you can just copy these files back to their
original locations then restart Samba. All of your Linux and Samba
user accounts will be recreated. It's as simple as that. see in here

86 Percent "E-mail" Contains Trash

2010-11-30T07:54:00.001+07:00

Based on Symantec's latest report, spam e-mail alias trash still accounted for most of the internet traffic in Indonesia, namely 86.61 per cent of all e-mail in October. This percentage is slightly smaller than in September, which reached 89.40 percent.

However, the category of leisure-related spam has doubled to 12 percent in October, compared with 6 percent in September. Spam, spam, among others about the replicas, drugs online, even the Nigerian scam type 419. This is based on the release of "October 2010: Analysis of Spam Subjects" which was released Symantec.

Meanwhile, e-mail containing a link to a phishing or trap bogus internet page addresses increased 0.3 percent this month, and mainly due to the increase in auto-attack toolkit. Phishing sites are created with the toolkit automatically increased by 41 percent. However, a unique URL decreased 10 percent.

Phishing site with the IP domain (eg domain like http://255.255.255.255) increased dramatically by 58 percent. Service provider of web accounts for 14 percent of the total phishing or an increase of 24 percent from the previous month.

In October 2010, phishing in social media accounts for about 4 percent of the overall landscape of phishing. The number of phishing sites in social media increased significantly about 80 percent from the previous month.

As in the previous month, a majority of two brands of fake phishing sites. Phishing is a combination of the two brands closer to 98 percent of all phishing in social media.

Assistance for your Academic Problems

2010-11-25T08:42:00.001+07:00

We all have problems in our lives, and most of the problems that most of the students have are to understand better in some of their lessons. Not all lessons that can be favorite lessons for students, which are why assistance from someone professional is needed to make them understand, better the lessons that they don’t like.

Tutornext.com is one of the places that provide professional Math tutor to assist students who have problems in understanding some lessons. With their service, you can have Free online math tutor to Solve math problems. You will be able to get homework helper to solve all the problems from your lesson. There are much more that you can have with using assistance from tutornext.com. Their tutor will assist you in make you understand the entire lesson that you don’t like and teach you with a formula that will make you interested to the lesson. Beside math, you can have Algebra 2 help and other lesson, like Equivalent Fractions and also able to use their Probability calculator to solve the problems. It is time for you to master those entire “scary” lessons and with tutornext.com; you will understand it better and able to solve all the problems in an easiest way.

The Best Math Solver

2010-11-23T08:49:00.001+07:00

In order to get the best Math answers, the following article will be great to read. One of the problems in Math that might you have is about Linear equations. An equation with coefficients real or complex is called linear when it can be presented as a.x=b, where x is the unknown, a and b are given numbers. If a is nonzero, the only solution is the number b/a.
More generally, an equation is called linear when presented in the form u (x) = b, where u is a linear mapping between two vector spaces E and F, b is a given element of F. We seek the unknown x in E. The linearity allows for sums and linear combinations of solutions, which is known in physics as the principle of superposition. The solution spaces have structures of vector spaces or affine. The methods of linear algebra apply and can greatly assist in the resolution. In algebraic equations, a linear equation with one unknown x is an equation of the form where a and b are real (or complex). For the best Math problem solver, tutorvista.com is the experts. The College algebra and Math problems is here to help you. For the best Algebra 1 problems solver, this site is the best Algebra solver. The Square root calculator is also available in this site for you.

If you forget your Windows login password

2010-11-20T22:51:00.000+07:00

Lost is a problem commonly faced by mankind. If you forget your Windows login password, no way to recover it using the Ubuntu Linux operating system.

The first thing to do is create a Live CD or Live USB stick Ubuntu Linux. Ubuntu Live will be used to boot into the system and perform the procedures required to dismantle the Windows password earlier.

The easiest way to do that is by downloading and running UNetbootin. This simple application will download the selected Ubuntu version and install on the flash that you prepared.

The second stage is to install Open Source utility called chntpw. This is done from Ubuntu by running Synaptic Package Manager.

To be able to get chntpw, Synaptic Package Manager should be directed to look at storage applications Universe. This can be done by clicking the Settings menu> Repositories in Synaptic window. Then, check the option 'Community-maintained Open Source software (universe) "and click Close.

After that, click the Reload button and Synaptic will download the latest package information from the Universe. When finished, type chntpw on the Quick Search box.

If it appears, check the box on the side chnptw writing, choose 'Mark for Installation'. Then click Apply to install it.

The third stage is to change the Windows password with chntpw.

1. Mount the hard disk / drive that contains your Windows installation
2. Open the hard drive it (click on Places) and record labels drive that appears on the menu bar window file browser
3. Open a Terminal window (Applications> Accessories> Terminal)
4. Type the following command in Terminal:
cd / media
ls
5. Type: cd [label hard drive that you noted earlier]
6. type: cd WINDOWS/system32/config
7. To change the Administrator password, type the command: sudo chntpw SAM
8. You will see several commands that you can choose, the command is safest to create a password to be blank. Do this by pressing the number '1 ', then press' y' to confirm
9. Select '2 'to change the password to a particular word, but this has a greater risk of error
10. To change the passwords of other users (non-administrator), type the following command (from Terminal): sudo chntpw-u [user name] SAM

The Math Expert for You

2010-11-20T10:31:00.001+07:00

If you need the best solver in Math questions and also Geometry help, this article will be useful to read. A long time, geometry and the astronomy have been tied. At an elementary level, the calculation of the sizes of the Moon, the Sun and their respective distances to the Earth uses the theorem of Thales. In early models of the solar system, each planet will be attaching a Platonic solid.
From astronomical observations of Kepler, confirmed by the work of Newton, has been that planets follow an orbit elliptical that has the Sun in its focus. These considerations of geometric nature are commonly used in classical mechanics to describe qualitatively the trajectories. In this sense, the geometry is involved in engineering in studying the stability of a mechanical system. It also involved in a further course in technical drawing.
The drawing shows the technical sections or projections of a three-dimensional object, and contains annotated lengths and angles. It is the first stage of completion of a project of industrial design. If you need the Geometry or Chemistry help, such as in Chemistry homework help, tutorvista.com is the solution. In addition if you need the Physics help or have difficulties in Prime numbers, visit this site as soon as possible.

about Math answers, Algebra 1, Math problem solver

2010-11-16T09:52:00.002+07:00

Mathematics quantity, structure, space, is the study of change. Mathematicians, to find patterns and make the appropriate option to establish a new guess of the axiom definition and through strict deductions can be set to true. in Math Answer you get more information about mathematics. below are branch of mathematics, as follow

1. College Algebra
# Module One - Algebraic Expressions

* The Real Numbers
* Exponents
* Radicals
* Polynomials
* Factoring
* Complex Numbers

# Module Two - Equations and Inequalities

* Linear Equations
* Applications of Linear Equations
* Quadratic Equations
* Applications of Quadratic Equations
* Variation
* Inequalities
* Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities

# Module Three – Relations and Functions

* Relations
* Functions
* Linear Functions
* Equations of a Line
* Graphing Relations and Functions
* General Graphing Techniques
* Algebra of Functions

# Module Four – Polynomial and Rational Functions

* Quadratic Functions
* Synthetic Division
* Zeros of Polynomial Functions
* Graphs of Polynomial Functions
* Rational Functions

# Module Five – Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

* Exponential Functions
* Logarithmic Functions
* Evaluating Logarithms; Change of Base
* Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
* Exponential Growth or Decay

# Module Six – Systems of Equations and Inequalities

* Linear Systems of Equations
* Nonlinear Systems of Equations
* Matrix Solution of Linear Equations
* Determinants
* Cramer’s Rule
* Systems of Inequalities; Linear Programming

2. Algebra 1
Algebra 1 such as the fundamental concepts of algebra, including exponents and radicals, linear equations and inequalities, ratio and proportion, systems of linear equations, factoring quadratics, complex numbers, completing the square, and the quadratic formula.

3. Math Problem Solver
this below sample problem
# What is the area of a circle with circumference = 10 meters?
# What is the volume of a cone with radius 2 m and height 3 m
# What is the time of a fall with height = 125 m?
# How does the pressure of an ideal gas vary if temperature is doubled and volume is 8 times its previous value
# How does the force of gravitation change as radius is doubled?
# How does the force of gravitation vary with radius
# What is the gravity of a fall with time 1 sec and height 3 m
# What is the area of a circle with radius "r"
# What is the radius of a cone with volume "v" and height 7
# What is the charge of a capacitor with capacitance = 5 uf and voltage = 100 volts
# What is the wavelength of light with energy = 1 ev
you know about in Math Problem Solver

4. Linear Algebra
Linear Algebra is a field study of mathematics that studies the system of linear equations and its solutions, vectors, and linear transformation. Matrix and its operation is also closely related to the field of linear algebra.
1 Linear Equations & Matrices
o 1.1 Linear Equations with Matrix Settlement
1.1.1 Echelon-line Forms
1.1.2 Gaussian Elimination Operation
Operation 1.1.3 Gauss-Jordan Elimination
o 1.2 Matrix Operations
o 1.3 The matrix inverse (Inverse)
o 1.4 The matrix transpose
o 1.5 Matrix Diagonal, Triangular, and Symmetric Matrix
1.5.1 Diagonal Matrices
1.5.2 Triangular Matrix
1.5.3 Symmetric Matrix
* 2 Determinant
o 2.1 Determinants with cofactor expansion
2.1.1 Determinant by Minor and cofactor
2.1.2 Determinants of the Expansion cofactors On Line First
2.1.3 Determinants of the Expansion cofactors in First Column
2.1.4 Adjoin 3 x 3 matrix
2.1.5 Upper Triangular Matrix Determinant
2.1.6 Method Cramer
2.1.7 Tests for Invertibilitas Determinants
o 2.2 Finding the determinant of the way Sarrus
o 2.3 Sarrus method only for 3x3 matrix dimension
o 2.4 Calculating the Inverse of 3 x 3 Matrix
o 2.5 Linear Systems in the form Ax = λx
* 3 Vectors in Space Euklide
o 3.1 Euklidian in n-Space
o 3.2 Example Use of Vector in High Dimensional Space
o 3.3 Finding the norm and distance
o 3.4 The Newton
o 3.5 Operator Reflection
o 3.6 Projection Operator
o 3.7 Rotation Operators
o 3.8 Polynomial Interpolation

5. Algebra Solver
Linear Equations with Matrix Settlement

Shape-line Echelon

The matrix can be said of Echelon-line if it meets the following requirements:

1.) In each row, the first number other than 0 must be 1 (leading 1).
2.) If there is a line that all its elements zero, it shall be grouped in the final row of the matrix.
3.) If there is a leading line 1 then the leading 1 in the bottom, his number 1 must be over right from the leading 1 in the top.
4.) If the leading column has a number other than 1 is zero then the matrix is called reduced row-echelon
please visit in here for Algebra Solver for detil answer

6. Square Root calculator
The main idea behind solving equations containing square roots is to raise to power 2 in order to clear the square root using the property
( sqrt(x) ) 2 = x.

The above holds only for x greater than or equal to 0. In solving equations we square both sides of the equations and instead of putting similar conditions we check the solutions obtained.

Example 1 : Find all real solutions to the equation

sqrt ( x + 1) = 4

if you want to get answer via virtual lab please click in Square root calculator

Math, Geometry, Physic, Chemistry Help

2010-11-16T08:17:00.004+07:00

1. Applied mathematics considers the use of abstract mathematical tools in solving real problems in science, industry and other areas.

Applied mathematics has defined a significant overlap with the discipline of statistics, mathematical theory, in particular the theory of probability. Statistics to determine (work as part of a research project) "sense data" with random sampling and randomized trials, experimental design or statistical sampling for analysis of data (before the data are available). When examining the data from the experiment and samples or analysis of data from observational studies, statistical "sense data" with the art of modeling and inference theory - in the selection of the model and estimation, model estimation and prediction of impact damage on new test data. if there is a math question please click on this site for detil information

2. so other section in mathematic is Geometry, in below are ost (if not all) of these problems . Because of that, these should be considered slightly above average in terms of difficulty (usually). However, since these are the basics, these should be easier than the others. Answers are on the answer page, and links are provided to each specific answer.

1. What are two noncoplanar lines that have no points in common?
answer: geometry helps

2. What postulate is being applied here?
9(x + y) = 9x + 9y
answer: geometry helps

3. What geometric figure is the graph on a number line the set of numbers satisfying x is greater than or equal to -10?
answer: geometry helps

3. Determination of Empirical Formula From Element Mass

We can determine the empirical formula (simplest formula) by using mass of each element in the compound data. A compound is composed of 5.045g of carbon, 0.847g of hydrogen, and 3.36g of oxygen. Find the empirical formula for this compound knowing that H = 1 g/mole , O = 16 g/mole and C = 12 g/mole

First, convert the grams of each element to moles:

5.045/12 = 0.42 mole C , 0.847/1 = 0.847 mole H , 3.36/16 = 0.21 mole O

Divide each of the three mole figures by the lowest of the three in order to simplify the mole ratio.

0.21/0.21 = 1 mole O , 0.42/0.21 = 2 mole C , 0.847/0.21 = 4 mole H

Well, that's 1 O , 2 C and 4 H

The resulting SIMPLEST WHOLE NUMBER empirical formula : C2H4O
Note: if you confused that sample you should visit chemistry help, so you can get information about it.

4. chemistry exams are drawing nearer and nearer! If you're starting to feel a little desperation at this point, here are some resources that may help take the edge off:
- Chemistry Homework Help - If you don't know where to start, then start here! This is a general index of homework help resources

5. In mathematics, prime numbers are integers greater than 1, denominator coefficient is 1 and the actual number. 2 and 3 is prime. 4 is not prime because 4 can be divided into two. The first ten prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 and 29.

If a number greater than one is prime, then the numbers are called composite numbers. The simplest way to determine the prime numbers smaller than a certain number is using the sieve of Eratosthenes

6. Physics Problem Solution:

Other important facts about the physics problem is how to read Physics Problem solution:

It is very important to understand the solution to a problem when you read in this book.

You read the solution of the problem and it looks very simple. You think you understand. But you can go wrong. you can visit physic help

Dell-Streak

2010-11-05T13:40:00.001+07:00

Dell Streak , an Android-based tablet measuring 5 inches, A is designed to give users the best entertainment, social connections and pleasant navigation experience while traveling.

Screen-sized 5-inch width, is claimed is ideal for the user experience using the thousands of widgets, games and applications on Android Market, without compromising portability. This gadget will allow people to download through a built-in Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and 3G connectivity availability and listen to music, social networking updates in real-time and stay connected to friends and family via e-mail, SMS, IM and discussion phone.

Although measuring only 5 inches - another tablet size 70-10 inches -, is sufficient to show web pages in the form naturalnya. Dell Streak Snapdrago solution from Qualcomm with 1GHz processor integrated in order to incorporate the basic functions, performance and benefits of a laptop in a pocket size.

"Dell's streak is the interesting mix between a tablet computer, netbook, GPS & AGPS, Music Player, HD Camera and Smartphone. It's all in one package. It is also easily fit in the pocket of a man or woman in the bag," said Andreas Diantoro, Managing Director, ASEAN, Dell Global BV

Dell Streak is designed with future thinking, and for that will support updates performed over-the-air, including platform upgrades, such as Adobe Flash 10.1 on Android 2.2, video chat application and software innovations that can be upgraded by the end of this year.

Enjoying your new iPad

2010-11-05T13:31:00.002+07:00

Enjoying your new iPad? what about security, if you are afraid of anyone using your private photos, videos and other stuff then you could use inbuilt security feature of iPad which enables you to password protect your iPad with a 4 digit security code, After setting Passcode Lock anyone who wish to use the iPad has to enter the 4 digit passcode, else they won’t be able to log in.
How to Password Protect iPad - All Apps, Videos etc. will be protected
Tap on “Settings” on the iPad Home
Select “Passcode Lock” inside “General” option
On the following screen tap to “Turn Passcode On“
Enter 4 digit passcode for your iPad, Remember this passcode

There is also a “Erase Data” option which will erase all data on your iPad if 10 unsuccessful login attempts are made, I suggest you leave this option off unless you are dealing with highly critical business information.

CCNA 3 Module 1

2010-11-04T13:50:00.000+07:00

CCNA3-Module 1
1 At which heirarchical layer are switches normally not required to process all ports at wire speed?

• core layer
• distribution layer
• access layer*
• entry layer

2 Link aggregation should be implemented at which layer of the hierarchical network?

• core only*
• distribution and core
• access and distribution
• access, distribution, and core

3 Which feature supports higher throughput in switched networks by combining multiple switch ports?

• convergence
• redundant links
• link aggregation*
• network diameter

4 A network technician is asked to examine an existing switched network. Following this examination, the technician makes recommendations for adding new switches where needed and replacing existing equipment that hampers performance. The technician is given a budget and asked to proceed. Which two pieces of information would be helpful in determining necessary port density for new switches? (Choose two.)

• forwarding rate
• traffic flow analysis*
• expected future growth*
• number of required core connections
• number of hubs that are needed in the access layer to increase performance

5 Which three features are commonly supported at the distribution layer of the Cisco hierarchical network model? (Choose three.)

• security policies*
• Power over Ethernet
• switch port security
• quality of service*
• Layer 3 functionality*
• end user access to network

6 What is the likely impact of moving a conventional company architecture to a completely converged network?

• Local analog phone service can be completely outsourced to cost-effective providers.
• The Ethernet VLAN structure is less complex.
• A shared infrastructure is created resulting in a single network to manage.*
• QoS issues are greatly reduced.
• There is less bandwidth competition between voice and video streams.

7 For organizations that are implementing a voice over IP solution, what functionality should be enabled at all three layers of the hierarchical network?

• Power over Ethernet*
• quality of service
• switch port security
• inter-VLAN routing

8 Which hierarchical design model layer controls the flow of network traffic using policies and delineates broadcast domains by performing routing functions between virtual LANs (VLANs)?

• application
• access
• distribution*
• network
• core

9 Configuring communication between devices on different VLANs requires the use of which layer of the OSI model?

• Layer 1
• Layer 3*
• Layer 4
• Layer 5

10 Which layer of the OSI model does an access layer LAN switch use to make a forwarding decision?

• Layer 1
• Layer 2*
• Layer 3
• Layer 4

11 A technician is attempting to explain Cisco StackWise technology to a client that is setting up three stackable switches. Which explanation accurately describes StackWise technology?

• StackWise technology allows up to eight ports to be bound together to increase available bandwidth.
• StackWise technology allows the switch to deliver power to end devices by using existing Ethernet cabling.
• StackWise technology allows the switch capabilities and ports to be expanded by the addition of line cards.
• StackWise technology allows up to nine switches to be interconnected via the use of a fully redundant backplane.*

12 Refer to the exhibit. Beginning with HR servers and workstations, a network engineer is designing a new security structure for the network. Which set of policies adheres to the hierarchical network model design principles?

• Implement Layer 3 switching on S1 to reduce the packet processing load on D1 and D2. Install all security processing on S1 to reduce network traffic load.
• Configure port security options on S1. Use Layer 3 access control features on D1 and D2 to limit access to the HR servers to just the HR subnet.*
• Move all HR assets out of the data center and connect them to S1. Use Layer 3 security functions on S1 to deny all traffic into and out of S1.
• Perform all port access and Layer 3 security functions on C1.

13 Which layer of the hierarchical design model provides a means of connecting devices to the network and controlling which devices are allowed to communicate on the network?

• application
• access*
• distribution
• network
• core

14 Which two features are supported at all three levels of the Cisco three-layer hierarchical model? (Choose two.)

• Power over Ethernet
• load balancing across redundant trunk links
• redundant components
• Quality of Service*
• link aggregation*

15 Refer to the exhibit. What characteristic of hierarchical network designs is exhibited by having SW3 connected to both SW1 and Sw2?

• scalability
• security
• redundancy*
• maintainability

16 Which layer of the hierarchical network design model is refered to as the high-speed backbone of the internetwork, where high availability and redundancy are critical?

• access layer
• core layer*
• data-link layer
• distribution layer
• network layer
• physical layer

17 What statement best describes a modular switch?

• a slim-line chassis
• allows interconnection of switches on redundant backplane
• defined physical characteristics
• flexible characteristics*

18 Which hierarchical design characteristic would be recommended at both the core and distribution layers to protect the network in the case of a route failure?

• PoE
• redundancy*
• aggregation
• access lists

19 A network administrator is selecting a switch that will operate at the network core. Which three features should the switch support for optimum network performance and reliability? (Choose three.)

• port security
• security policies
• 10 Gigabit Ethernet*
• quality of service (QoS)*
• hot-swappable hardware*
• Power over Ethernet (PoE)

20 Which two characteristics are associated with enterprise level switches? (Choose two.)

• low port density
• high forwarding rate*
• high latency level
• support link aggregation*
• predefined number of ports

Indocomtech 2010 carrying the theme 'The Biggest IT Show in Indonesia

2010-11-04T12:52:00.000+07:00

Indocomtech 2010 carrying the theme 'The Biggest IT Show in Indonesia'. This sentence is certainly not without meaning, even claimed to be bigger than IT exhibition held in Singapore, Taiwan, Germany and the United States.

Rudi Rusdiah, Pembina Yayasan Indonesian Computer Business Association (Apkomindo) said, 'victory' Indocomtech of CommunicAsia (Singapore), Computex (Taiwan), Cebit (Germany) and the Consumer Electronics Show (Las Vegas, USA) This can happen if you measured the amount visitors.

Indocomtech in 2009 crammed with around 105,000 visitors, while in 2010 set a target of 200,000 people.

While its 'competitors', said Rudi, only visited by 175,000 visitors Cebit, Computex 125,000, CommunicAsia 38 000, and the Consumer Electronic Show only 126,000 visitors.

"If we use pessimistic figures, Indocomtech 2010 most will be visited by 160,000 visitors. With this we have become the largest exhibition in the region," he said, when addressing the opening Indocomtech 2010, at the Jakarta Convention Center (detik.com)

Wireless Security using WPA Cracker

2010-10-28T13:57:00.001+07:00

Have you recently setup a wireless network for a small business or at home? For companies, making sure their wireless network is not hackable is very important, especially if sensitive data can be accessed.

Unfortunately, testing the security and strength of a wireless network is not very easy. To do it properly, you need the right equipment and right hacking software. If you know what you are doing, you can thoroughly test your wireless network for vulnerabilities and make the appropriate changes.

However, if you want to do some penetration testing on your wireless network without having to know very much technical information, WPA Cracker may be something to take a look at.

WPA Cracker is a cloud service that you can use for cracking and testing the security of WPA-PSK protected wireless networks.

So is this service free? Unfortunately, not! However, it’s really cheap and probably worth it for a small business that has sensitive data it would like to protect. If a hacker can gain access to your wireless network, they could potentially access all your servers and data.

What makes WPA Cracker special is the fact that you can run a dictionary attack against your WPA-PSK network using their 400 CPU cluster of servers. This means that you can run through a 135 million word dictionary in about 40 minutes using half the cluster or 20 minutes using the full cluster. That’s fast!!

The cost for using half of the CPU cluster is only $17 and for using the full cluster is $34. If you do this from a desktop computer, it could take an entire week. Who really has that much time to test the security of their network!

Also, if the service does not find your password, you still have to pay for running the test. However, your eventual goal is to make sure that the password cannot be cracked, so this result is good.

So exactly how does the WPA-PSK testing work? Luckily, it’s as simple as uploading a file to their servers! In order to run the test, you have to capture the WPA handshake. You can capture the handshake using software like Wireshark.

They also provide a link to a tutorial on using aircrack-ng to capture a WPA handshake. This is the only semi-difficult part in the whole process. However, once you capture the handshake, just click on run to upload the pcap file.

The file will have to be smaller than 10 MB, so make sure to only export the handshake. Plus, leave at least one beacon for your target network so that the handshake remains associated with the ESSID you want to target.

Overall, this is cloud computing at it’s best! It’s low-cost and very useful for performing brute-force type of tasks like this. If you want to make sure your wireless network cannot be hacked by a dictionary attack, check out WPA Cracker! Enjoy!

reference :helpdeskgeek

The Paradise Valley Homes For Sale Will Be A Good Choice

2010-10-13T08:58:00.000+07:00

I know that everybody wants to have a perfect house, especially for the one that has a kid. They want to be a perfect couple and so do they want to have a great house. The paradise valley homes for sale will be one of the good choices. If you can take a look of it, you can see certain feature that everybody is looking for it. the first one will be the location. If you search on the search engine and using the keyword of the Paradise Valley Homes for Sale, you are going to find some of the good places that you can find.

The house that they sell is more than an ordinary house since it will be more qualified that the other house market. You can also see around about the feature of the house. If you feel that you suit on it, you can go and grab it. the method of payment and the other stuff is not so really hard, since you are going to find a nice house with the nice furniture and environment. For the administrative things, you don’t need to worry since they will pay attention much on that area. Have a house hunting.

Math Help for You

2010-08-23T08:55:00.000+07:00

Learn math is relative difficult for most student. Math also categorized as scariest subject in school. However in fact we should face this numeral processing subject every day in class. If you one of peoples who feel hard to learn about math, need Algebra help, calculus help and other help for math now available Math help that will give you solution to solve all Math problems effectively. You can get this service by online without need to attend a class like other courses. It will save much of your time and your energy.
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Enjoy Your MATH!

2010-08-13T08:21:00.000+07:00

Math is one of subjects that most of student is difficult to solve. Then we take course out of school hours to learn more about this subject. Imagine how many times you have spent just to come to class if you take this traditional way to learn. But now do not worry about this subject because we here to give you online tutorial about math. We will give you Math help and all those about math like algebra, calculus and more. Please visit our website tutorvista.com.
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How to install DNS in Centos 5.2

2010-06-23T15:38:00.003+07:00

1. yum install bind bind-chroot bind-libs bind-utils caching-nameserver
2. #rndc-confgen -b 256 > /var/named/chroot/etc/rndc.conf
3. chown root:named /var/named/chroot/etc/rndc.conf
4. chmod 640 /var/named/chroot/etc/rndc.conf

5. Edit named.conf in /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
// named.conf
// (copy-paste from rndc.key )

key "rndckey" {
…………………………………………
};

controls {
inet 192.168.1.2 allow { 192.168.1.0/24; } keys { "rndckey"; };
};

options {
directory "/var/named";
pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid";

/*
* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source
* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked
* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged
* port by default.
*/
query-source address * port 53;

// so people can't try to guess what version you're running
version "REFUSED";

allow-query {
any; };
};

server 192.168.1.2 {
keys { rndckey; };
};

zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "data/named.ca";
};

// for asumsed noc-rikasang.ne
zone "noc-rikasang.net" IN {
type master;
file "data/noc-rikasang.net.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};

// asumse reverse 192.168.1.
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "data/1.168.192.zone";
};

6. vi /var/named/chroot/var/named/data/noc-rikasang.net.zone

conf:

$TTL 38400 ; 10 hours 40 minutes
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.noc-rikasang.net. (
2007020400 ; serial
180 ; refresh (3 minutes)
360 ; retry (6 minutes)
604800 ; expire (1 week)
86400 ; minimum (1 day)
)
NS ns1.noc-rikasang.net.
A 192.168.1.2
MX 10 mail.noc-rikasang.net.
ftp IN CNAME ns1
mail IN CNAME ns1
ns1 IN A 192.168.1.2
www IN CNAME ns1

7. # vi /var/named/chroot/var/named/data/1.168.192.zone

conf:

$TTL 38400 ; 10 hours 40 minutes
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.noc-rikasang.net. (
2007020404 ; serial
180 ; refresh (3 minutes)
360 ; retry (6 minutes)
604800 ; expire (1 week)
86400 ; minimum (1 day)
)
NS ns1.noc-rikasang.net.
2 IN PTR noc-rikasang.net

Get the Best Math Answers

2010-05-20T10:17:00.000+07:00

Math could be difficult solved, but could be a challenge for some so they will try to get Math answers for all math questions. One of Math topics is Calculus. In this topic, you will learn about limit, functions, derivatives, integrals, and the others. If you need more explanation and solution for Calculus problem, so you have to take Calculus help and Pre calculus help. Your teacher or lecture may give you homework of math including algebra that learns about operation and relation, and it could be solved by Math homework help and Algebra homework help.

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Tutornext.com Would Help You With Algebra 1

2010-04-24T13:45:00.001+07:00

Tutornext.Com Would Help You With Algebra 1

If you have problem with your Algebra 1 subject at school, you better check this site out tutornext.com. this site has a online tutor that you need, for helping you to get rid of your problem. Get Algebra 1 Help to help you and Algebra 1 Answers for find the solution of your problem. these program would be able to make you understand more about the subject, even better rather than you take private class with private teacher for that.

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Direct TV Package

2010-03-01T08:10:00.001+07:00

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Online-Tutorial-in-the-Mathematic

2010-01-20T09:08:00.004+07:00

In the world of technology berperab mathematics is important in all lines of science science, because mathematics as the basis of all science, the other side of each student found it difficult to study mathematics, to the need for something that could give tutorials are fast, accurate, and we of TutorNext comes to helping students online.

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Home Theater Shopping Tips

2010-01-19T09:36:00.003+07:00

Home Theater Shopping Tips

Willing to collect your own home theater? Here are shopwiki.com Recommended for display, DVD player and speakers.

Go to the shopwiki.com with HD: Select the wide screen high definition TV in the best size for your room. Only if you are a very tight budget or a very small room, you have to do something else.

Choosing the appropriate screen size: Bigger is usually better, up to a certain point. Your eyes are your best guide in this case, but a good (though rough) rule is that if the diagonal screen no bigger than about half of your chair to reach. With 42-inch TV, for example, you should not be seen from closer than about 7 meters.

Look for HDMI or component video inputs on the TV: These inputs you can connect to produce high definition and progressive-scan sources and the best image quality. The sentence must also composite video and S-video input for sources such as VCRs. And a number of A / V inputs on the front of the set or from the side will be easier to join with a video camera to see the home video.

Define progressive scan: It is difficult for current DVD player includes progressive scan, which found a sharper, flicker-free image is made. But your TV has component inputs that support progressive-scan signals as well. A high-definition Blu-ray Disc or HD DVD player will give a better picture, also a component input is needed - or better, an HDMI input. Some regular DVD players are the result of the pseudo-high definition resolution, but because it is built does not really increase the amount of detail in the drawings and duplication of functions in most television, Upconvert receive high-definition inputs, rarely feature really useful.

Imagine a multi-CD setup: A five-CD carousel DVD player allows you to save a movie or two and several CDs into the player at once, so you do not get up to change CDs.

Start with three speakers: If you are not able to start the setup full voice, with the center left, right and surround speakers. You can include a subwoofer later if you miss the extra bass, and you can buy satellite surround speakers, if you have a full surround-sound effects.

Use 100 watts as a guideline: A receiver can produce more than 100 watts per channel is more than enough for most home theater systems.

Look for Dolby Digital support: Make sure you buy includes Dolby Digital decoding receiver. Dolby Pro Logic II is highly desirable, but also to work with surround sound from videotapes and from sources such as ordinary stereo music CDs.

Looking for a good return policy: Some speakers may sound great in the store, but not in your room. Back, make sure that you are, if they vote the way home, you may be disappointed. oke you have know about home theater in shopwiki.com

Car Insurance

2009-11-03T10:05:00.004+07:00

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How to know about algebra

2009-11-03T08:00:00.003+07:00

Variables

A variable is a symbol that represents a number. Usually we use letters like s, t, x, or for variables. For example, one might say that s stands for the side of the square. Now he talks like a number that we could use. The size of the square is given by 4 × s. The area of the square is given by s × s. When working with variables, you may want to use a letter, you will of what is variable recall n is the number of People in a theater; Let T be the time it takes to travel anywhere, where D is the distance from my house in the park, if you know more please visit Get Algebra Help, Algebra Tutoring

Expressions
An expression is a mathematical term or a sum or difference of mathematical terms that may use numbers, variables, or both.

Equations
An equation is a statement that two numbers or expressions are equal. Equations are useful for relating variables and numbers. Many word problems can easily be written down as equations with a little practice. Many simple rules exist for simplifying equations.

Solution of an Equation
When an equation has a variable, the solution to the equation is the number that makes the equation true when we replace the variable with its value. so you can get help algebra or tutorial please click here

Simplifying Equations
To find a solution for an equation, we can use the basic rules of simplifying equations. These are as follows:

1) You may evaluate any parentheses, exponents, multiplications, divisions, additions, and subtractions in the usual order of operations. When evaluating expressions, be careful to use the associative and distributive properties properly.

2) You may combine like terms. This means adding or subtracting variables of the same kind. The expression 2x + 4x simplifies to 6x. The expression 13 - 7 + 3 simplifies to 9.

3) You may add any value to both sides of the equation.

4) You may subtract any value from both sides of the equation. This is best done by adding a negative value to each side of the equation.

5) You may multiply both sides of the equation by any number except 0.

6) You may divide both sides of the equation by any number except 0.

Hint: Since subtracting any number is the same as adding its negative, it can be helpful to replace subtractions with additions of a negative number. in Get Algebra Help, Algebra Tutoring

CCNA Exploration 4.0 : CCNA 3 Module 5

2009-07-22T08:57:00.000+07:00

1. Which two statements are true about the default operation of STP in a Layer 2 switched environment that has redundant connections between switches? (Choose two.)
• The root switch is the switch with the highest speed ports.
• Decisions on which port to block when two ports have equal cost depend on the port priority and identity.
• All trunking ports are designated and not blocked.
• Root switches have all ports set as root ports.
• Non-root switches each have only one root port.
2. Which two statements describe the BIDs used in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.)
• They are sent out by the root bridge only after the inferior BPDUs are sent.
• They consist of a bridge priority and MAC address.
• Only the root bridge will send out a BID.
• They are used by the switches in a spanning tree topology to elect the root bridge.
• The switch with the fastest processor will have the lowest BID.

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CCNA Exploration 4.0 : CCNA 3 Module 4

2009-07-22T07:56:00.002+07:00

1. Refer to the exhibit. Switch1 is not participating in the VTP management process with the other switches shown in the exhibit. What are two possible reasons for this? (Choose two.)
• Switch2 is in transparent mode.
• Switch1 is in client mode.
• Switch1 is using VTP version 1 and Switch2 is using VTP version 2.
• Switch2 is in server mode.
• Switch1 is in a different management domain.
• Switch1 has no VLANs.
2. Refer to the exhibit. Switches SW1 and SW2 are interconnected via a trunk link but failed to exchange VLAN information. The network administrator issued the show vtp status command to troubleshoot the problem. On the basis of the output provided, what could be done to fix the problem?
• The switches must be interconnected via access link.
• Switch SW2 must be configured as a VTP client.
• Both switches must be configured as VTP clients.
• Both switches must be configured with the same VTP revision number.
• The switches must be configured with the same VTP domain name.
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CCNA 3 Module 3 Exploration 4

2009-06-13T09:23:00.002+07:00

1. What statement about the 802.1q trunking protocol is true?
• 802.1q is Cisco proprietary.
• 802.1q frames are mapped to VLANs by MAC address.
• 802.1q does NOT require the FCS of the original frame to be recalculated.
• 802.1q will not perform operations on frames that are forwarded out access ports.
2. Which two statements describe the benefits of VLANs? (Choose two.)
• VLANs improve network performance by regulating flow control and window size.
• VLANs enable switches to route packets to remote networks via VLAN ID filtering.
• VLANs reduce network cost by reducing the number of physical ports required on switches.
• VLANs improve network security by isolating users that have access to sensitive data and applications.
• VLANs divide a network into smaller logical networks, resulting in lower susceptibility to broadcast storms.
3. What are two characteristics of VLAN1 in a default switch configuration? (Choose two.)
• VLAN1 should renamed.
• VLAN 1 is the management VLAN.
• All switch ports are members of VLAN1.
• Only switch port 0/1 is assigned to VLAN1.
• Links between switches must be members of VLAN1.
Download File

change DHCP to a static IP address

2009-06-10T17:13:00.000+07:00

If Your Ubuntu System has set to use DHCP, you will want to change it to a static IP address here is simple tip

open the /etc/network/interfaces file.

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

If you are using DHCP for your primary network card which is usually eth0, you will see the following lines

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

As you can see, it’s using DHCP right now. We are going to change dhcp to static, and then there are a number of options that should add and here is the example and you can change these settings according to your network settings.

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1

Restart the neworking service using the following command

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Proftp is an opensource ftp server

2009-06-10T17:10:00.000+07:00

Proftp is an opensource ftp server that is used to download files remotely using a ftp client such as filezilla or ftp from command line either with windows or linux. Proftp can be used from the command line or GUI. This tutorial will cover some of both but mainly using the GUI front-end. So lets get started with the installation and set-up of Proftp!

Installation

1. sudo apt-get install proftpd gproftpd. This will install all the necessary config files for proftp along with the GUI (gui being gproftpd)

2. Once install check to see if the server is running by using pgrep proftpd. If you do not see a PID than start it by typing /etc/init.d/proftpd start or status to see if again, the process is running.

Configuring Server

1. Once installed proftp will be under a new category of programs called system tools. Go to system tool -> GA-ADMIN PROFTP

2. There are several tabs that gui provides in editing your FTP settings: they are server, users, transfers, discs, files, secuirty, and configuration

Server- name your server to your liking. Use your private IP address in the address field. Issuing an ifconfig at the cmd line will bring you your private IP.By default the server is set to an idle time of 120 seconds so adjust time if you wish to.

Users- this is where you will create all users that are allowed to your ftp site. You can create user accounts with annoymous access by unchecking the required password box. The users section is where you will disignate directories/drives for remote users to access as well.

Transfers- Will show you files that where transfered between remote pc and server

Discs- Displays directories that are avaliable to share along with how much space is currently avaliable in those directories

Files- shows stastics about what was download by the user

Security- Gives a log file view of who was last logged on the ftp server

Configuration- If for whatever reason that your settings that you edited do not adjust you can change them here. Its easier to read by editing it here than terminal its a little cleaner and easier to see where and what you are editing

Home Router settings

Next, we are going to have to open up some ports on your router. Most newer routers they use port forwarding and with the older ones like my d-link router we create a new virtual server

1. In your web browser go to the you gateway address which would be somthing like 192.168.0.1 or verify it by using ifconfig

2. The port that you want to open is port 21 or if you feel you will be vulnerable to attacks use 2121 or something along those lines

3. For the IP address of your sever it will be your private IP address

4. Save settings

Connecting to ftp server

1. Using a client such as filezilla which is free of charge or if you are an intermediate-advance user use the command line. This is how we are going to connect to the ftp server

2. Find out Your public IP address using IPchicken.com. Once there it will display your public IP

3. You will use the public IP address to access you site along with a username, password, and port number. If everything is setup correctly you will be able to upload and download files. If you cannot go back and check that your settings are correct along with you private and public ip adresses

Reference : Ubuntugeek

Packet Tracer 5.1

2009-06-10T17:05:00.000+07:00

New Version Offers Multiuser Capabilities for Social Learning

Packet Tracer 5.1 is the latest version of Cisco Networking Academy’s comprehensive networking technology teaching and learning software. Innovative features of Packet Tracer 5.1, including powerful simulation, visualization, authoring, assessment, and collaboration capabilities, will help students and teachers collaborate, solve problems, and learn concepts in an engaging and dynamic social environment.

Packet Tracer makes both teaching and learning easier - instructors and students can create their own virtual “network worlds” for exploration, experimentation, and explanation of networking concepts and technologies.

* Instructors can demonstrate technologies and configurations using Packet Tracer to teach complex CCNA-level networking concepts, making it extremely useful for lectures, group and individual labs, assessments, troubleshooting and modeling tasks, homework, games, and competitions.
* Students can design, configure and troubleshoot networks using Packet Tracer’s versatile simulation and visualization environment, which also provides the opportunity and flexibility for additional practice outside of the classroom environment.

Packet Tracer supplements classroom equipment and provides students complementary learning opportunities that are not physically possible to create in the classroom or lab. In addition, Packet Tracer supplements the CCNA curricula and Packet Tracer activities are integrated throughout both CCNA Discovery and CCNA Exploration to provide rich networking technology learning experiences.

Packet Tracer 5.1 offers a unique combination of realistic simulation and visualization experiences, complex assessment and activity authoring capabilities, and opportunities for multiuser collaboration and competition, and is available free of charge to all Networking Academy instructors, students, and alumni. Visit the Packet Tracer 5.1 resource page under the course catalog on Academy Connection today to download this free software and explore the new possibilities in networking education.

Reference:http://www.cisco.com

CCNA 3 Module 2 Exploration 4

2009-06-08T11:20:00.002+07:00

1. When a collision occurs in a network using CSMA/CD, how do hosts with data to transmit respond after the backoff period has expired?
• The hosts return to a listen-before-transmit mode.
• The hosts creating the collision have priority to send data.
• The hosts creating the collision retransmit the last 16 frames.
• The hosts extend their delay period to allow for rapid transmission.

Please Click here for get full.

Get your best score on STOR 155 UNC Course

2009-05-27T15:57:00.003+07:00

Get your best score on STOR 155 UNC Course

Course Hero! You heard the name before? If you are a determined student with ambition to gain best score, this is the perfect place for you! Course hero allows students to learn and collaborate online, outside of the classroom with various subject and material. If you are poor in Statistic subject for example, you can join their class on STOR 155 â€“ Statistics Operations Research, itâ€™s a Course Information for Introduction to Statistics. They work together with UNC. The lecturer is from UNC and you can find all class information through UNC blackboard website. Just like regular class, you also will have to do home work to be submitted on schedule. If you understand and does all home works, good grade will be the results!

so right now the list of cource hero, then you will get ease of ease of learning both in discussions with the students would also lecturers, what more now exists in the course hero facebook group, just easier ...

So can the course hero is the right place for us in getting an adequate education in the era now

At the end of the course, you will need to pass the exam. Every STOR 155 UNC Exam Answer are submitted online. If you have difficulties on course materials nor home works, you can always posting your thread on blackboard discussion board or send email directly to the lecturer. He/She will then answer each posting and everybody can see the questions and the answers. If you are still unclear, post another query as part of the same threads. He will then broadcast email answers to entire class. Therefore, thereâ€™s never problem to get your UNC STOR 155 Exam Solution!

CCNA3 Module 1 Exploration V.4

2009-04-04T08:50:00.003+07:00

1. A network technician is asked to examine an existing switched network. Following this examination, the technician makes recommendations for adding new switches where needed and replacing existing equipment that hampers performance. The technician is given a budget and asked to proceed. Which two pieces of information would be helpful in determining necessary port density for new switches? (Choose two.)
• forwarding rate
• traffic flow analysis
• expected future growth
• number of required core connections
• number of hubs that are needed in the access layer to increase performance
2. Configuring communication between devices on different VLANs requires the use of which layer of the OSI model?
• Layer 1
• Layer 3
• Layer 4
• Layer 5

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CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Module Final Exam

2009-03-15T14:36:00.001+07:00

1. Which two statements are true regarding link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)

They do not work well in networks that require special heirarchical designs.
* They are aware of the complete network topology.
They pass their entire routing tables to their directly connected neighbors only.
* They offer rapid convergence times in large networks.
They rely on decreasing hop counts to determine the best path.
They do not include subnet masks in their routing updates.

2. Which three statements about routing protocols are true? (Choose three.)

* OSPF elects designated routers on multiaccess links.
RIP does not support classless routing.
* EIGRP supports unequal cost load balancing.
EIGRP uses broadcast traffic to establish adjacencies with its neighbors.
* RIP does not advertise a route beyond a hop count of 15.
OSPF can convergence more quickly because it can find a feasible successor in its topology table when a successor route goes down.

3. What does RIP use to reduce convergence time in a larger network?

It reduces the update timer to 15 seconds if there are more then 10 routes.
* It uses triggered updates to announce network changes if they happen in between the periodic updates.
It uses random pings to detect if a pathway is down and therefore is preemptive on finding networks that are down.
It uses multicast instead of broadcast to send routing updates.

4. What can be determined from the output shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)

Annapolis is a 2611 router that is connected to the S0/0 interface of the Montgomery router.
All of the routers are connected to Montgomery through an Ethernet switch.
* Montgomery has Layer 2 connectivity with Cumberland.
Layer 3 connectivity is operational for all of the devices listed in the Device ID column.
An administrator consoled into the Waldorf router can ping the Brant router.
* Brant, Fisherman, and Potomac are directly connected to Montgomery.

5. Refer to the exhibit. The results of the show ip route command are displayed in the graphic for Router R2. Which route will be selected for a packet with a destination address of 10.1.4.1?

static route to 10.1.0.0/22
RIP route to 10.1.0.0/23
RIP route to 10.1.0.0/24
* 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.0.1

6. Refer to the exhibit. All router interfaces are configured with an IP address and are operational. If no routing protocols or static routes are configured, what information will be included in the show ip route command output for router A?

All of the 192.168.x.0 networks will be in the routing table.
* Routes to networks 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.0/24, and 192.168.3.0/24 will be in the routing table.
The routing table will be empty because routes and dynamic routes have not been configured.
A default route is automatically installed in the routing table to allow connectivity between the networks.

7. Which of the following should be considered when troubleshooting a problem with the establishment of neighbor relationships between OSPF routers? (Choose three.)

* OSPF interval timers mismatch
gateway of last resort not redistributed
* interface network type mismatch
no loopback interface configured
administrative distance mismatch
* inconsistent authentication configuration

8. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is trying to figure out why BOS does not have the 10.0.0.0/24 network in its routing table. All routers are configured for OSPF in area 0. The links between the routers are operational and the administrator is able to ping between all router interfaces. What is a logical next step that the network administrator should take to troubleshoot the problem?

Reboot the routers.
Change the OSPF process ID on all of the routers to 0.
Check to see if the cable is loose between BOS and JAX.
Check to see if CDP packets are passing between the routers.
* Use show and debug commands to determine if hellos are propagating.

9. Refer to the exhibit. What two statements are true based on the output shown? (Choose two.)
the reported distance to network 172.16.1.0 is 2172416

192.168.10.5 and 192.168.10.9 are feasible successors
* neighbors 192.168.10.9 and 192.168.10.5 have auto summary disabled
* router 3 is load balancing traffic to the 172.16.3.0 network across its serial interfaces
all interfaces shown on Router3 are in the passive state and will not send EIGRP advertisements

10. The network shown in the diagram is having problems routing traffic. It is suspected that the problem is with the addressing scheme. What is the problem with the addressing used in the topology?

The address assigned to the Ethernet0 interface of Router1 is a broadcast address for that subnetwork.
* The subnetwork configured on the serial link between Router1 and Router2 overlaps with the subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router3.
The subnetwork assigned to the Serial0 interface of Router1 is on a different subnetwork from the address for Serial0 of Router2.
The subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router2 overlaps with the subnetwork assigned to Ethernet0 of Router3.

11. What is the function of the OSPF LSU packet?

used to confirm receipt of certain types of OSPF packets
used to establish and maintain adjacency with other OSPF routers
used to request more information about any entry in the BDR
* used to announce new OSPF information and to reply to certain types of requests

12. Which of the following are primary functions of a router? (Choose two.)

* packet switching
microsegmentation
domain name resolution
* path selection
flow control

13. Refer to the exhibit. What summary address can Router2 advertise to Router1 to reach the three networks on Routers 3, 4, and 5 without advertising any public address space or overlapping the networks on Router1?

172.16.0.0/8
172.16.0.0/10
* 172.16.0.0/13
172.16.0.0/20
172.16.0.0/24

14. What is the first step OSPF and IS-IS routers take in building a shortest path first database?

* learn about directly connected networks
send hello to discover neighbors and form adjacencies
choose successors and feasible successors to populate the topology table
flood LSPs to all neighbors informing them of all known networks and their link states

15. Which three statements describe the operation of routing with EIGRP? (Choose three.)

* As new neighbors are discovered, entries are placed in a neighbor table.
If the feasible successor has a higher advertised cost than the current successor route, then it becomes the primary route.
* If hello packets are not received within the hold time, DUAL must recalculate the topology.
* The reported distance is the distance to a destination as advertised by a neighbor.
EIGRP maintains full knowledge of the network topology in the topology table and exchanges full routing information with neighboring routers in every update.
EIGRP builds one routing table that contains routes for all configured routed protocols.

16. A network administrator has configured a default route on Router_A but it is not being shared with adjacent Router_B and the other routers in the OSPF area. Which command will save the administrator the time and trouble of configuring this default route on Router_B and all of the other routers in the OSPF area?

Router_A(config-router)# ospf redistribute default-route
Router_B(config-router)# ospf redistribute default-route
* Router_A(config-router)# default-information originate
Router_B(config-router)# default-information originate
Router_A(config-router)# ip ospf update-default
Router_B(config-router)# ip ospf update-default

17. Which of the following are required when adding a network to the OSPF routing process configuration? (Choose three.)

* network address
loopback address
autonomous system number
subnet mask
* wildcard mask
* area ID

18. A network administrator has enabled RIP on routers B and C in the network diagram. Which of the following commands will prevent RIP updates from being sent to Router A?

A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0
B(config)# router rip
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.48
B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.64
A(config)# router rip
A(config-router)# no network 192.168.25.32
* B(config)# router rip
* B(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0
A(config)# no router rip

19. Which statement is true regarding routing metrics?

All routing protocols use the same metrics.
EIGRP uses bandwidth as its only metric.
* Routers compare metrics to determine the best route.
The larger metric generally represents the better path.

20. Refer to the exhibit. The network is running the RIP routing protocol. Network 10.0.0.0 goes down. Which statement is true regarding how the routers in this topology will respond to this event?

Router4 will learn about the failed route 30 seconds later in the next periodic update.
Split horizon will prevent Router4 from fowarding packets to the 10.0.0.0 network until the holddown timer expires.
Router5 immediately flushes the unreachable route from its routing table.
* Router5 will send Router4 a triggered update with a metric of 16 for network 10.0.0.0.

21. What command would the network administrator apply to a router that is running OSPF to advertise the entire range of addresses included in 172.16.0.0/19 in area 0?

R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.15.255 area 0
* R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 area 0

22. Refer to the exhibit. How many routes are both level 1 and qualify for use as an ultimate route?

1
* 2
3
4
5
6

23. Refer to the exhibit. What will happen if interface Serial0/0/1 goes down on Router1?

The Dijkstra algorithm will calculate the feasible successor.
* DUAL will query neighbors for a route to network 192.168.1.0.
Neighbor 172.16.3.2 will be promoted to the feasible successor.
Traffic destined to the 192.168.1.0 network will be dropped immediately due to lack of a feasible successor.

24. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator issues the command no ip classless on Router1. What forwarding action will take place on a packet that is received by Router1 and is destined for host 192.168.0.26?

* The packet will be dropped.
The packet will be forwarded to the gateway of last resort.
The packet will match the 192.168.0.0 network and be forwarded out Serial 0/0.
The packet will most closely match the 192.168.0.8 subnet and be forwarded out Serial 0/1.

25. Which three statements are true regarding the encapsulation and de-encapsulation of packets when traveling through a router? (Choose three.)

* The router modifies the TTL field, decrementing it by one.
The router changes the source IP to the IP of the exit interface.
* The router maintains the same source and destination IP.
* The router changes the source physical address to the physical address of the exit interface.
The router changes the destination IP to the IP of the exit interface.
The router sends the packet out all other interfaces, besides the one it entered the router on.

26. Refer to the exhibit. What is the most efficient summarization of the routes attached to router R1?

198.18.0.0/16
* 198.18.48.0/21
198.18.32.0/22
198.18.48.0/23
198.18.49.0/23
198.18.52.0/22

27. What are two tasks that must be completed before two routers can use OSPF to form a neighbor adjacency? (Choose two.)

The routers must elect a designated router.
* The routers must agree on the network type.
* The routers must use the same dead interval.
The routers must exchange link state requests.
The routers must exchange database description packets.

28. Refer to the exhibit. The network is using the RIPv2 routing protocol. If network 10.0.0.0 goes down, what mechanism will prevent Router1 from advertising false routing information back to Router2?

triggered updates
poison reverse
* holddown timers
split horizon

29. Refer to the exhibit. R1 knows two routes, Path A and Path B, to the Ethernet network attached to R3. R1 learned Path A to network 10.2.0.0/16 from a static route and Path B to network 10.2.0.0/16 from EIGRP. Which route will R1 install in its routing table?

Both routes are installed and load balancing occurs across both paths.
The route via Path B is installed because the EIGRP route has the best metric to network 10.2.0.0/16.
* The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the best metric to network 10.2.0.0/16.
The route via Path B is installed because the EIGRP route has the lowest administrative distance to network 10.2.0.0/16.
The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the lowest administrative distance to network 10.2.0.0/16.

30. Refer to the exhibit. Hosts on the BOS Fa0/0 LAN are able to ping the Fa0/1 interface on the JAX router and all interfaces on the BOS and ORL routers. Why would hosts from the 10.0.0.0/24 network not be able to ping hosts on the Fa0/0 LAN of the JAX router?

The JAX router has the wrong process ID.
* The JAX router needs the network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.
The JAX router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.
The BOS router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.

31. What is the purpose of the TTL field within an IP packet header?

clears an unreachable route from the routing table after the invalid timer expires
prevents regular update messages from inappropriately reinstating a route that may have gone bad
removes an unreachable route from the routing table after the flush timer expires
* limits the period of time or number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it should be discarded
used to mark the route as unreachable in a routing update that is sent to other routers

32. Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator is testing network connectivity by issuing the tracert command from host A to host B. Given the exhibited output on host A, what are two possible routing table issues on the network? (Choose two.)

Router1 is missing a route to the 172.16.0.0 network
Router1 is missing a route to the 192.168.1.0 network
Router2 is missing a route to the 10.0.0.0 network
*Router2 is missing a route to the 172.16.0.0 network
* Router3 is missing a route to the 10.0.0.0 network
Router3 is missing a route to the 192.168.0.0 network

33. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true concerning the routing configuration?

Using dynamic routing instead of static routing would have required fewer configuration steps.
The 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.1.2.0/24 routes have adjacent boudaries and should be summarized.
The static route will not work correctly.
* Packets routed to the R2 ethernet interface require two routing table lookups.

34. Refer to the exhibit. Pings are failing between HostA and HostB. The network administrator discovers that Router1 does not have a route to the 172.16.0.0 network. Assuming Router2 is configured correctly, which two static routes could be configured on Router1 to enable Host A to reach network 172.16.0.0? (Choose two.)

ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
* ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.2
ip route 192.168.0.1 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0
* ip route 192.168.0.1 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/1

35. A router has learned about a network through static and dynamic routing processes. Which route will be used to reach network 192.168.168.0?

D 192.168.168.0/24 [90/2195456] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:09, Ethernet0
O 192.168.168.0/24 [110/1012] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:22, Ethernet0
R 192.168.168.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.200.1, 00:00:17, Ethernet0
* S 192.168.168.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.200.1

36. What are three features of CDP? (Choose three.)

tests Layer 2 connectivity
* provides a layer of security
operates a OSI layers 2 and 3
enabled by default on each interface
* used for debugging Layer 4 connectivity issues
* provides information on directly connected devices that have CDP enabled

37. Refer to the exhibit. When troubleshooting a network, it is important to interpret the output of various router commands. On the basis of the exhibit, which three statements are true? (Choose three.)

* The missing information for Blank 1 is the command show ip route.
The missing information for Blank 1 is the command debug ip route.
The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 100.
* The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 120.
The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter R.
* The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter C.

38. Which of the following could describe the devices labeled “?” in the graphic? (Choose three.)

* DCE
* CSU/DSU
LAN switch
* modem
hub

39. Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true of the routing table for Router1? (Choose three.)

The route to network 172.16.0.0 has an AD of 156160.
Network 192.168.0.16 can best be reached using FastEthernet0/0.
* The AD of EIGRP routes has been manually changed to a value other than the default value.
* Router1 is running both the EIGRP and OSPF routing process.
Network 172.17.0.0 can only be reached using a default route.
* No default route has been configured.

40. Refer to the exhibit. The ORL router is unable to form a neighbor relationship with the JAX router. What is a possible cause of this problem?

Router JAX has the wrong autonomous-system number.
* The command network 192.168.2.0 is missing from the EIGRP configuration on the JAX router.
Automatic summarization is not disabled on the JAX router.
Router JAX has the wrong IP address on the Fa0/1 interface.

41. Refer to the exhibit. Routers 1 and 2 are directly connected over a serial link. Pings are failing between the two routers. What change by the administrator will correct the problem?

Set the encapsulation on both routers to PPP.
Decrease the bandwidth on Serial 0/1/0 on router 2 to 1544.
Change the cable that connects the routers to a crossover cable.
* Change the IP address on Serial 0/1/0 on router 2 to 192.168.0.1/30.

42. The Suffolk router is directly connected to the networks shown in the graphic and has a default route that points to the Richmond router. All interfaces are active and properly addressed. However, when the workstation on network 172.29.5.0/24 sends a packet to destination address 172.29.198.5, it is discarded by the Suffolk router. What can be a reason for this result?

The ip classless command is not enabled on the Richmond router.
The route was ignored if the Richmond router did not include the 172.29.198.0/24 network in its routing updates.
The Richmond router is in a different autonomous system than the Suffolk router.
The ip subnet-zero command was not configured on the Suffolk router.
* The ip classless command is not enabled on the Suffolk router.

43. When presented with multiple valid routes to a destination, what criteria does a router use to determine which routes to add to the routing table?

The router selects the routes with the best metric. All routes that have the same best metric are added to the routing table.
The router first selects routes with the lowest administrative distance. The resulting routes are then prioritized by metric and the routes with the best metric are added to the routing table.
* The router selects the routes with the lowest administrative distance. All routes with the same lowest administrative distance are added to the routing table.
The router installs all routes in the routing table but uses the route with the best metric most when load balancing.

44. Refer to the exhibit. What are the effects of the exhibited commands on the router?

All passwords are encrypted.
Only Telnet sessions are encrypted.
Only the enable password is encrypted.
* Only the enable password and Telnet session are encrypted.
Enable and console passwords are encrypted.

45. Refer to the exhibit. The routers in the exhibit are running the EIGRP routing protocol. What statement is true regarding how packets will travel from the 172.16.1.0/16 network to the 192.168.200.0/24 network?

The router chooses the first path that it learned and installs only that route in the routing table.
The router chooses the path with the lowest administrative distance and installs only that route in the routing table.
The router chooses the highest routing ID based on the advertised network IP addresses and installs only that route in the routing table.
The router installs all the equal cost paths in the routing table but sends packets out only one, holding the others in reserve in case the primary route goes down.
* The router installs all the equal cost paths in the routing table and performs equal cost load balancing to send packets out multiple exit interfaces.

46. When the show cdp neighbors command is issued from Router C, which devices will be displayed in the output?

D, SWH-2
A, B, D
SWH-1, SWH-2
* B, D
SWH-1, A, B
A, B, D, SWH-1, SWH-2

47. Refer to the exhibit. Packets destined to which two networks will require the router to perform a recursive lookup? (Choose two.)

* 10.0.0.0/8
64.100.0.0/16
128.107.0.0/16
172.16.40.0/24
192.168.1.0/24
* 192.168.2.0/24

48. Refer to the exhibit. Which path will traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network take to get to the 10.0.0.0/24 network?

ADC
ABC
It will load balance the traffic between ADC and ABC
* It will send the traffic via ABC, and will use ADC as a backup path only when ABC fails.

49. Refer to exhibit. A company network engineer enters the following commands in the routers:
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
When the engineer enters the show ip route command on R1, the routing table does not display the static route to the 10.1.1.0 network. All R1 and R2 interfaces are correctly addressed per the graphic. What is a logical next step that the engineer could take in order to make the static route display in the routing table in R1?
Enter default routes in R1 and R2.
* Enable the R1 and R2 serial interfaces.
Configure the static route to use an exit interface instead of a next-hop address.
Enter the copy run start command to force the router to recognize the configuration.

50. Refer to the exhibit. A packet enters Router1 with a destination IP of 172.16.28.121. Which routing table entry will be used to forward this packet to the destination address?

172.16.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.0.1
* 172.16.0.0/20 [1/0] via 192.168.0.9
172.16.16.0/20 [1/0] via 192.168.0.17
0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

51. Refer to the exhibit. A new PC was deployed in the Sales network. It was given the host address of 192.168.10.31 with a default gateway of 192.168.10.17. The PC is not communicating with the network properly. What is the cause?

The address is in the wrong subnet.
* 192.168.10.31 is the broadcast address for this subnet.
The default gateway is incorrect.
The host address and default gateway are swapped.

52. Refer to the routing table shown in the exhibit. What is the meaning of the highlighted value 192?

It is the value assigned by the Dijkstra algorithm that designates the number of hops in the network.
It is the value used by the DUAL algorithm to determine the bandwidth for the link.
* It is the metric, which is cost.
It is the administrative distance.

53. Using default settings, what is the next step in the router boot sequence after the IOS loads from flash?

Perform the POST routine.
Search for a backup IOS in ROM.
Load the bootstrap program from ROM.
Load the running-config file from RAM.
* Locate and load the startup-config file from NVRAM.

54. Refer to the exhibit. All routers in the network are running RIPv2 and EIGRP with default routing protocol settings and have interfaces configured with the bandwidths that are shown in the exhibit. Which protocol will be used and how will traffic between the Router1 LAN and Router5 LAN be routed through the network?

RIPv2 will load balance across both paths between Router1 and Router5.
EIGRP will load balance across both paths between Router1 and Router5.
RIPv2 traffic will use the path Router1, Router2, Router5 because it has the least hops.
* EIGRP traffic will use the path Router1, Router3, Router4, Router5 because it has the best metric.

55. Which three statements are true of holddown timers? (Choose three.)

* used by link state routing protocols to prevent routing loops
prevent update messages from reinstating a route that may have gone bad
allow routers to still forward packets to destination networks that are in holddown
* limit the number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it is discarded
* prevent a router advertising a network through the same interface from which the network was learned
permit lower metric updates received from any neighboring router to reinstate the route to a possibly down network

56. The network administrator configures the router with the ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 command. How will this route appear in the routing table?

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
S 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2
* S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2

57. Which two router component and operation pair are correctly described? (Choose two.)

DRAM - loads the bootstrap
RAM - stores the operating system
Flash - executes diagnostics at bootup
* NVRAM - stores the configuration file
ROM - stores the backup configuration file
* POST - runs diagnostics on hardware modules

58. Refer to exhibit. Given the topology shown in the exhibit, what three commands are needed to configure EIGRP on the Paris router? (Choose three.)

* Paris(config)# router eigrp 100
Paris(config)# router eigrp
Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.6.0
* Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.7.0
* Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.8.0
Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.9.0

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Module 11 Exam Answers

2009-03-14T13:20:00.001+07:00

Refer to the exhibit. What does the “O*E2″ from the “O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.1.1, 00:05:34, Serial0/0″ line represent?

an internal type 2 OSPF route.
an external OSPF route at least two hops away.
an external OSPF route from two different sources.
* an external OSPF route that will not increment in cost.
a default route.
The route was distributed into OSPF from a type 2 router.

jump to mirror for get complete answer

9 of type Entrepreneur Personality or Young Entrepreneur Personality

2009-03-14T07:40:00.001+07:00

Thus, we can know what, We need to be successful. Do you have any kind of with Bill Gates a visionary or improver like Anita Roddick, the founder of Body Shop? Read only, personality types of companies.

9 of type Entrepreneur Personality or Young Entrepreneur Personality , Which is your Personality Type?

1. Improver
You have a personality if you run this business with show style improver alias you want to always improve. You use your company to improve the world. Improver has a strong ability in running the business. They also have an ethical and intergritas high.
Personality Alert: you are likely to become too critical of the employee
and your customers. Entrepreneur example: Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop.

2. The Advisory
You have a personality if you run this business with show style improver alias you want to always improve.
You use your company to improve the world. Improver has a strong ability in running the business. They also have an ethical and intergritas high.

Personality Alert: become too critical of the employee and your customers. Entrepreneur example: Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop.

3. The Superstar
This is the business center that is surrounded by energy and charisma
from the Superstar CEO. Businessman with a personality
such as this usually build their business with the personal
their own brand.

Personality Alert: businessman with this type can be
too competitive, and workaholics.

Entrepreneur example: Donald Trump, CEO of Trump Hotels &
Casino Resorts.

4. The Visionary
A business that is built by a visionary usually
based on the vision of the future and thinking founders. You
have a high to understand the world in
around you and will make plans to avoid
all kinds of obstacles.

Personality Alert: A visionary can be too focused
on their dreams and in reality less footing. And
do not forget, your vision is with the action
real. Entrepreneur Example: Bill Gates, Microsoft founder
Inc.

5. The analyst
If you run as a business analyst, the company
You usually focuses on problem solving in
a systematic way. Often based on knowledge,
technical or computer skills, an analyst company usually
powerful in solving problems.

Personality Alert: Be careful with the paralysis of analysis.
Work with the trust of others. Entrepreneur example:
Gordon Moore, founder of Intel.

6. The Fireball
A business that is owned by the fire ball is usually
operated with a full life, energy and optimism.
Customers feel your company is run with the natural
behavior is fun.

Personality Alert: You may be committed to the
excessive and against the team you behave too
impulsive. balancing with your plan
business.

Entrepreneur example: Malcolm Forbes, publisher and founder of
Forbes Magazine.
7. The hero
You have the willingness and ability of extremes in
lead the world and your business through all kinds of challenges.
You are the core of Entrepreneurship and can collect
many large companies.

Personality Alert: Too promise and use the
tactics to gain full strength with the way things
You will not be successful in the long period of time. To
to be successful, your leadership skills will to help people find their way.

Entrepreneur example: Jack Welch, CEO of GE.

8. The Healer
If you are a 'healer,' you are
carers and carers harmony in your business. You
have the ability to survive the extraordinary persistence and
accompanied by the calmness of the deep.

Personality Alert: Due to the nature of your attention you can
so avoid the reality outside, and there is always too
wish. Use scenario planning to prepare
comes a problem.

Entrepreneur example: Ben Cohen, one of the founders of Ben &
Jerry's Ice Cream.

Well, knowing the personality types in the 9
run a business, you can be more effective in
build the business and become a young entrepeunership.

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 10 Exam Answers

2009-03-01T08:05:00.001+07:00

What two events will cause a link state router to send LSPs to all neighbors? (Choose two.)

30 second timer expires
* whenever the network topology changes
immediately after the Bellman-Ford algorithm has run
immediately after the DUAL FSM has built the topology database
* upon initial startup of router or routing protocol

Get Complete Answer click here

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 9 Exam Answers

2009-02-05T12:51:00.001+07:00

Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 9 Exam Answers
Posted on January 31, 2009. Filed under: CCNA-2 Exploration | Edit This

1. On a router running EIGRP, what database would maintain a list of feasible successors?

routing table
neighbor table
* topology table
adjacency table

2.

Refer to the exhibit. This is the debug output from 2 directly connected EIGRP routers. They are not forming an adjacency. What is the cause?

one router is a non-cisco router
* they have different autonomous-system numbers
they are using difference sequence numbers
they are sending incorrect hello types

3.

Refer to the exhibit. Which command will advertise the 192.168.1.64/30 network but not the 192.168.1.32 network on router A?

network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
* network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.3
network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.7
network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.255

4. What two actions will the EIGRP DUAL FSM take if a link to a network goes down? (Choose two.)

put the route into passive mode
* query neighbors for a new route
search routing table for a feasible successor
run the SPF algorithm to find a new successor
* search topology table for a feasible successor

5.

Refer to the exhibit. What is indicated by the P at the beginning of the topology entry?

* the route is in a stable state
the route is a preferred route
DUAL is searching for a better route to this destination
the exit interface is in passive mode and EIGRP advertisements are blocked

6. In which of the following tables does the EIGRP DUAL algorithm store the primary route to a destination? (Choose two.)

* routing
* topology
neighbor
path
shortest path

7. What information is maintained in the EIGRP topology database for a destination route? (Choose three.)

* the routing protocol
* the feasible distance of the route
the highest cost of the route
the SRTT value for the route
* the route cost as advertised by the neighboring router
the physical address of the gateway interface

8. Which of the following statements describes the bounded updates used by EIGRP?

Bounded updates are sent to all routers within an autonomous system.
* Partial updates are sent only to routers that need the information.
The updates are sent to all routers in the routing table.
Updates are bounded by the routers in the topology table.

9. Which of the following types of routes will be denoted by EX in EIGRP routing table entries? (Choose two.)

* routes learned from other routing protocols
routes learned from any non-adjacent EIGRP routers
any route with a hop count metric higher than 224
* EIGRP routes that originate in different autonomous systems
all passive routes in the routing table

10.

Host 192.168.1.66 in the network illustrated is unable to ping host 192.168.1.130. How must EIGRP be configured to enable connectivity between the two hosts? (Choose two.)

R1(config-router)# network 192.168.1.128
R1(config-router)# auto-summary
* R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
* R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2(config-router)# auto-summary
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.1.64

11. Which two statements describe characteristics of EIGRP? (Choose two.)

* EIGRP is a distance vector routing protocol.
* EIGRP supports classless routing and VLSM.
EIGRP is classified as a link-state routing protocol.
EIGRP uses TCP for reliable delivery of EIGRP update packets.
With EIGRP, loop-free paths are achieved through the use of hold-down timers.
EIGRP sends a periodic update every 30 minutes.

12.

Refer to the exhibit. Based on the output of show ip eigrp neighbors, what are two possible problems with adjacencies between Router1 and Router2? (Choose two.)

* The routers are configured with different EIGRP process IDs.
Automatic summarization was disabled.
The hello timer for R1 was altered.
* The serial interfaces for both routers are in different networks.
No feasible successors were found.

13.

Refer to the exhibit. In the topology table, what do the numbers 3011840 and 3128695 represent?

the route metric that is applied to those EIGRP routes for this router
the trustworthiness of the routing information source
the composite of the hop count and bandwidth to that destination network
* the total metric for that network as advertised by the EIGRP neighbor

14.

Refer to the exhibit. EIGRP is the only routing protocol enabled on this network. No static routes are configured on this router. What can be concluded about network 198.18.1.0/24 from the exhibited output?

A route to network 198.18.1.0/24 is not listed in the routing table.
* Packets that are destined for 198.18.1.0/24 will be forwarded to 198.18.10.6.
EIGRP will perform equal cost load balancing across two paths when forwarding packets to 198.18.1.0/24.
The router with interface 172.16.3.2 is a successor for network 198.18.1.0/24.

15.

Refer to the exhibit. All interfaces have been configured with the bandwidths that are shown in the exhibit. Assuming that all routers are using a default configuration of EIGRP as their routing protocol, what path will packets take from the 172.16.1.0/16 network to the 192.168.200.0/24 network?

* A,B,E
A,C,E
A,D,E
Packets will load balance across the A,B,E and A,C,E paths.
Packets will load balance across the A,B,E and A,D,E paths.
Packets will load balance across the A,C,E and A,D,E paths.

16. By default, which two metrics are used by EIGRP to determine the best path between networks?

MTU
load
* delay
* bandwidth
reliability

17. Which term defines a collection of networks under the administrative control of a single entity that presents a common routing policy to the Internet?

* autonomous system
contiguous networks
process ID
BGP

18.

Refer to the exhibit. The company is using EIGRP with an autonomous system number of 10. Pings between hosts on networks that are connected to router A and those that are connected to router B are successful. However, users on the 192.168.3.0 network are unable to reach users on the 192.168.1.32 network. What is the most likely cause of this problem?

IP classless is enabled and is causing the packet to drop.
The command network 192.168.1.32 was not issued on router C.
* The routers are not configured in the same EIGRP routing domain.
Automatic summarization of the networks is causing the subnetted routes to be dropped.

19. In the command router eigrp 20, what is the purpose of the number 20?

specifies the administrative distance for all EIGRP routes
* identifies the autonomous system number this EIGRP process will advertise
determines what metric is added to all advertised routes
indicates the number of addresses in the EIGRP routing domain

20. The show ip eigrp topology command output on a router displays a successor route and a feasible successor route to network 192.168.1.0/24. In order to reduce processor utilization, what does EIGRP do when the primary route to this network fails?

The router sends query packets to all EIGRP neighbors for a better route to network 192.168
The DUAL FSM immediately recomputes the algorithm to calculate the next backup route.
Packets that are destined for network 192.168.1.0/24 are sent out the default gateway instead.
* The backup route to network 192.168.1.0/24 is installed in the routing table.

21. What administrative distance would a router assign to a default route in EIGRP that is learned from a source external to the autonomous system?

1
5
70
90
* 170
190

22.

Refer to the exhibit. Network 192.168.0.0/28 goes down. What type of packet does Router2 immediately send to Router1 and Router3?

a query for network 192.168.0.0/28
an acknowledgment packet to 224.0.0.9
an update packet that is sent to 255.255.255.255
a packet that contains the new routing table for R2
* unicast update packets to 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.2.1

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 7 Exam Answers

2008-11-24T08:00:00.003+07:00

Below is one of question CCNA Exam Protocol and Concepts chapter 7.

How are RIP v1 and RIP v2 similar to one another? (Choose three.)
* They both use hop count as a metric.
* They both have the same metric value for infinite distance.
They both broadcast their updates to their neighbors.
They both send subnet mask information in their updates.
They both provide for authentication of update sources.
* They both use split horizon to prevent routing loops.

If you want to know more,click here for download

Ebook Cisco : Beginner Guided

2008-10-30T11:18:00.005+07:00

Cisco: A Beginner's Guided, by Toby J. VelteandAnthony T. V
Offering a pracical hands on resource for succesfully designing and managing a cisco network, this introdusctory guide will help you learn to work with cisco routers and switchs, wireless technology, storage tools and more
overview from book: Cisco : A Beginner's Guided. 2007, please wait to upload this ebook

CCNA 2 Exploration Ch 4

2008-10-24T14:54:00.001+07:00

Friend, i Have publish ccna2 Chapter 4 version 4, below discribe answer ccna2 chapter 4
What is a routing loop?
a packet bouncing back and forth between two loopback interfaces on a router
a condition where a return path from a destination is different from the outbound path forming a “loop”
* a condition where a packet is constantly transmitted within a series of routers without ever reaching its intended destination
the distribution of routes from one routing protocol into another
please click here for download
another link http://akhrikas.wordpress.com

CCNA Certification information

2008-10-24T14:34:00.002+07:00

Some background information on the CCNA certification to get you started:

CCNA certification Cisco CCNA home page
CertMag's CCNA preparation guide How to best prepare for the CCNA certification
CCNA FAQ's Support and CCNA certification FAQ's
Cisco's SubMag Cisco's submag - need to register to receive

Commands of Cisco and Vyatta

2008-10-21T16:34:00.011+07:00

Cisco-2651#show ip route

vyatta@VyattaB#show route

vyatta@VyattaA#show version
Cisco-2651#show version

3750_L3#show ip route

vyatta@VyattaA#show interfaces ethernet eth0 physical

vyatta@VyattaA#show interfaces ethernet eth0 statistics

Cisco-2651#show ip interface brief

Cisco-2651#show ip interface FastEthernet 0/1

Configuration cisco and vyatta

2008-10-20T17:27:00.005+07:00

CISCO ROUTER 2651
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.1.3.2 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.4.2 255.255.255.0

hostname Cisco-2651
ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.3.1
ip route 10.200.1.4 255.255.255.255 10.1.4.1
ip route 10.200.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.3.1
line vty 0 4
no login
enable secret password
CISCO SWITCH L3 3750
interface vlan 1
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
interface Loopback 1
ip address 10.200.1.1 255.255.255.255
hostname 3750_L3
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1
line vty 0 4
no login
enable secret password
ip routing
ip multicast-routing distributed

VYATTA A ROUTER
edit interfaces ethernet eth0
set address 10.1.3.1 prefix-length 24
edit interfaces ethernet eth1
set address 10.1.1.1 prefix-length 24
set system host-name VyattaA
set protocols static route 10.1.0.0/16 next-hop 10.1.3.2
set protocols static route 10.200.1.4/32 next-hop 10.1.3.2
set protocols static route 10.200.1.1/32 next-hop 10.1.1.2
set service telnet

edit system login user vyatta
set authentification plaintext-password password

VYATTA B ROUTER
edit interfaces ethernet eth1
set address 10.1.4.1 prefix-length 24
edit interfaces loopback lo
set address 10.200.1.4 prefix-length 32
set system host-name VyattaB
set system static gateway-address 10.1.4.2
set service telnet
edit system login user vyatta
set authentification plaintext-password password

Packet Tracer 5.0

2008-10-20T12:15:00.000+07:00

The new version offers multi-user features for Network learning

Packet Tracer 5.0 is the latest version of the Cisco Networking Academy complete networking technology for teaching and learning. Innovative features Tracking 5.0 packages, including the powerful simulation, visualization, authoring, assessment and cooperation should help students and teachers are working to solve problems and learn concepts in an attractive and dynamic social environment. Click http://www.4shared.com/file/60615538/684fa877/PacketTracer5_setup.html

The Cisco VPN

2008-10-15T09:58:00.001+07:00

The Cisco VPN (Virtual Private Network) client allows a computer to a network of secure connections on equipment specified VPN concentrator is on the campus network. With VPN, network traffic between your computer and the VPN concentrator is encrypted. In addition, the VPN allows you to connect to other systems, as if your computer has been on campus, either because it is physically on the campus network.
http://software-central.berkeley.edu/software/40-Cisco+VPN to download

Services for Alumni and Friends in Ohio State University

2008-10-15T09:00:00.009+07:00

One of The largest of Universities> in USA is Ohio State of University.>

Ohio State of University > give Services for Alumni and Friends.
So through this Alumni Portal you can
1. Obtain reference assistance from librarians,
2. use the Libraries' catalog to search the nearly 6 million volumes in the collections at OSU, as well as the more than 38 million owned by OhioLINK libraries (members can apply for a Courtesy Card in order to borrow materials), and
3. also have direct access to a variety of databases on a broad spectrum of subjects.

Ohio State of University> have Two databases (Academic Search Alumni Edition and Business Source Alumni Edition) were purchased specifically for the use of Alumni Association and Friends of the Libraries members by University Libraries and the Alumni Association;
others are freely available on the Web, but they have been selected by librarians as being particularly useful.

University of Wisconsin

2008-10-15T08:46:00.000+07:00

So, if these figures are you not afraid? It may be that when personal attention and a small town atmosphere is what you seek. But for many students, the vast academic experience is fantastic.

<P>

<P> I ought to know, when I went to school, the graduates of the University of Minnesota, # 4 on the list. Yes, there were serious, "a number of types of problems in school, especially when under grad. A very large percentage of the course was informed by the TAS (teacher aid), and with the bureaucracy were sometimes quite a nightmare. The other, but there are still, if on a campus is the great - sports, theater, parties and political activities, and it is yours. At the University of Minnesota is in the middle of the center of Minneapolis, and the students can on foot, by bus, or take a short ride with live music, museums, lakes, and the bustling Old Town and the Uptown areas of the city. I prefer to come into the streets and on campus to be surrounded by an influx of people and the (albeit not quite as Minnesota in winter, but that's another question!)

http://www.eduinreview.com/blog/2008/09/10-largest-universities-in-the-united-states/

Static Routing in Linux

2008-10-14T17:33:00.000+07:00

An administrator enters routes into the router using configuration commands. This method has the advantage of being predictable, and simple to set up. It is easy to manage in small networks but does not scale well.

Advantages of Static Routes
Easy to configure
No routing protocol overhead

Disadvantages of Static Routes
Network changes require manual reconfiguration
Network outages cannot be automatically routed around
Does not scale well in large networks.

Add a Static route using “route” command

route add [-net|-host] netmask gw dev X

Example

route add -net 10.10.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
route add -host 10.10.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.1 dev eth0

This adds the route immediatly to the Kernel IP routing table. To confirm the route has been successfully, simply type the “route” command with no arguements:

route

Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.254 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
localnet * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
10.10.10.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
10.10.1.1 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

Use

netstat -rn

to print the Kernel IP Routing table.

To keep the Static Route persistent or you want to add the route entries to the network script files (not using the route command) then all you need to do is to edit the file

/etc/network/interfaces

and the static routes in the following format:

up route add [-net|-host] / gw dev

Example

up route add -net 172.20.11.0/16 gw 172.20.10.254 dev eth1

And the file will like the following

sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces

The output should show something like this

sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces

The output should show something like this

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0 eth1

iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.254
# dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed

iface eth1 inet static
address 172.20.10.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 172.20.10.255
gateway 172.20.10.254

# static route
up route add -net 172.20.11.0/16 gw 172.20.10.254 dev eth1

The above has 2 Ethernet interfaces and the static route is added to the interface eth1.

For the change to /etc/network/interface to take effect. please restart the “networking” service as follows:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

NOTE: If you added the route already using the “route” then there is no need to restart the networking service because, the next time server is restarted this takes effect.

Use bandwidth shapers to limit internet connection speed

2008-10-14T17:12:00.000+07:00

How to want limit your download and upload speeds use one of the following tools

1) Wondershaper

2) Trickle

Wondershaper

An easy to use traffic shaping script that provides these improvements:

* Low latency for interactive traffic (and pings) at all times
* Allow websurfing at reasonable speeds while uploading / downloading
* Make sure uploads don’t hurt downloads
* Make sure downloads don’t hurt uploads

It does this by:

* Limiting upload speed slightly, to eliminate queues
* Limiting download speed, while allowing bursts, to eliminate queues
* Interactive traffic skips the queue
* ACKs and tiny packets skip the queue

Configuring the wondershaper requires you to accurately and precisely determine your consistent upload and download speeds.

Install wondershaper in Ubuntu

sudo aptitude install wondershaper

This will complete the installation.

Using wondershaper

use ifconfig to determine which of your networkcards is the one that is connected to your modem (and thus the internet).

ifconfig

the networkcard that has your normal ip adress is the one (not 192.168.x.x)

Go to a speedtesting website and determine your average upload and download speed. Use these speeds to setup limitations.

sudo wondershaper eth1 downspeed upspeed

Note:- Speed should be in KB

Example

sudo wondershaper eth0 10000 280

download a big and uncompressable file while pinging to a fast and stable server on the internet or to your modem and adjust your downspeed until you are satisfied and do the same with uploading a big and uncompressable file.

When you are ready you can make these connection settings permanent by

sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

add these lines under eth1 if eth1 is your internetconnection. Change eth1,upspeed and downspeed to your settings.

up /sbin/wondershaper eth1 downspeed upspeed

down /sbin/wondershaper clear eth1

Useful Tip

How do I go about putting my settings back to default for eth1?

sudo wondershaper clear eth1

Problem

When you try to run similar to the following command

wondershaper eth3 4500 333

You might see the following error

What is “flowid”?
Illegal “police”

Solution

This is a bug in iproute, not in wondershaper. Debian has already fixed the problem

Replacing iproute2 with this http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/debian/pool/main/i/iproute/iproute_20071016-3_i386.deb solved the problem

trickle

Trickle is a voluntary, cooperative bandwidth shaper. it works entirely in userland and is very easy to use.The most simple application is to limit the bandwidth usage of programs.

Install trickle in ubuntu

sudo aptitude install trickle

Stand alone mode

Trickle is easiest to use in stand-alone mode. Simply run trickle with a download and/or upload limit and a program you want to limit. For example:

sudo trickle -d 20 -u 20 wget http://www.google.com/bigfile

Daemon mode

In daemon mode, trickle can limit a group of programs to a fixed limit of bandwidth. To start the daemon, run the trickled command:

sudo trickled -d 20 -u 20

This will start the trickle daemon that will limit the total bandwidth available to all programs run via trickle to 20 K/s both up and down. So if you run a single program via trickle, it can consume 20 K/s. Two programs can each consume 10 K/s, etc.

How to Make Dynamips as Real Router

2008-10-06T14:48:00.000+07:00

How to Make Dynamips your Real Router
Now Do ISCW Practicals on Real Internet Connections not on Simulated LAB

This post and the Contents inside it are for those people who are preparing for CCNP ISCW and in need of practicing on Real Devices on Real Connections. However Cisco Devices are not alway that easier to purchase.

I dont have any idea maybe some of you have already done this but since no one ever brought this topic before i decided to share this valuable Piece of work with you. i believe it will be worth for I.T related people

At CCNP level we must focus on Concepts and Concept is based on how much you implement them practically. Unless you do on real devices you cannot learn well. because the simulations or books will not produce results and you may not be able to tackle the problems in your work.
Lots of people go for Simulations. But i think Simulations are not good because of 2 reasons, they never are accurate, and they lack lots of IOS commands and features. this can affect our knowledge.

Lots of people asked before practicing PPPoE and DSL Labs along with IPSEC and GRE using Dynamips. Lot of time people practice such labs using LAN interfaces because they donot have Real Routers to connect to Real Internet Connections.

This small presentation will show you how you can connect Dynamips to internet and establish a Real Internet Connection using Dialer interface. Ofcouse you must have atleast running DSL connection and any small DSL Modem that is cheaper and easier to buy, that you connect to Dynamips.
Modem will be just a Layer 1 device only doing nothing other than Physically connecting Telephone line.

You will see how Dynamips will Negotiate and Initiate Internet connection with ISP
using PPP encapsulations,
Dynamips getting Real IP on its Dialer Interface.
Realtime Debugging outputs between Router interface and ISP
Leasing Ip Addreses to Physical Computers on LAN and Across Internet to WAN clients
Accepting Incoming Connections from Internet

all does Dynamips just like a Real Router. In this video the Dynamips acts as a ADSL ROUTER, Incoming VPN, PPPoE Internet Connetion, and a DHCP Server.

if you are interested in setup then consider these videos.

http://www.4shared.com/file/62580751/6f8892ff/dynamips_videos.html
refrence :http://www.sadikhov.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=137700

CCNA 1-4 Discovery and Exploration V.4

2008-10-06T14:17:00.001+07:00

CCNA Dicovery 1-4
http://rapidshare.com/files/78671579/Discovery1.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/78672385/Discovery2.exe
http://rapidshare.com/files/80489855/Discovery3_English.exe
http://rapidshare.com/files/80496410/Discovery4_English.exe

CCNA Exploration 1-4

http://rapidshare.com/files/78673695/Exploration1.exe
http://rapidshare.com/files/78676548/Exploration2.exe
http://rapidshare.com/files/78680052/Exploration3_English.exe

Download Cisco Certification Exams Questions - Pass4Sure v.3.10

2008-05-30T16:17:00.004+07:00

Download Cisco Certification Exams Questions - Pass4Sure
High quality Cisco Certification Training BootCamp Exam Questions for All Cisco Candidates from Pass4sure Testing Engine.click here to dowload 640-802 version 3.10, have enjoy it

5 CD-ROMs - Live instructor-led classroom sessions

2008-05-30T10:51:00.002+07:00

Download all to a folder somewhere, make sure all those files are in the same folder. We do not need to open any of this .r1 etc etc files at all. The main files is the last file which is in a format or rar (iso) unzip that to the same folder again. This will unzip many files but the one we want is says START and hurray is running.......

After opening all video's have a cup of coffee...may be a little boring covers allot of everything....watch with a friend...may become more interesting.

5 CD-ROMs - Live instructor-led classroom sessions with full Audio, Video and demonstration components
Detailed Description
Schedule our instructor led classroom trainings at your convenience and never miss another lecture or fall behind. You are in complete control. We invited the Best ComTIA A+ Trainers in the industry to help us develop the ultimate training & certification program which includes everything you will need to fully prepare ou for the New CCNA 640-801 Certification exam.
The CCNA certification (Cisco Certified Network Associate) indicates a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists.

Level 1: Internetworking & TCP/IP
Internetworking
Intro to Internetworking
The "OSI" Model
Ethernet
"Wireless": SOS
TCP/IP
The DoD Model
The IP Address
IP Classes
SOS
Level 2: IP Subnetting & Internetwork Operation System
IP Subnetting
What is Subnetting?
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Subnetting
Variable Length Subnet Masks
Troubleshooting TCP/IP
Internetwork Operating System
Introduction to IOS
Passwords
Banners, Hostnames & Descriptions
Configuring Interfaces
Saving & Verifying Configuration
Level 3: IP Routing Protocols
IP Routing
Bringing it Together
Building Route Tables
Distance -- Vector Routing Protocols
Interior Gateway Routing Potocol
Verifying
More Routing Protocols
EIGRP
Open Shortest Path First
Level 4: Layer 2 Switching, Virtual LANs, & IOS
Layer 2 Switching
Spanning Tree Protocol
Switch Types
Configuring the Switch
Virtual LANs
VLAN Concepts
VLAN Truking Protocol
Configuring
Advanced IOS
Router Components
Backup and Restore
Cisco Discovery Protocol
Using Telnet
Host Names
Level 5: Access Lists & Wide Area Networks
Access Lists
Types of Access Lists
Creating an Access List
Using the Access List
Wide Area Networks
WAN Basics
HDLC
PPC
Frame Relay
ISDN
SS/CC

More Info

http://www.careeracademy.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=17

Career Academy Ccna cd 1
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=263TE1H3
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=HOGYCS7B
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=TE2GY4CT
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=25OOFERJ

Career Academy Ccna cd 2
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=KYOJSBAB
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=3N94PSAA
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=BF3135L7
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=QCUPXHIJ
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=MSFNBRMA

Career Academy Ccna cd 3
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=CXG6QEEV
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=2WTBQWWH
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=LBCHZBCT
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=IP479CV7

Career Academy Ccna cd 4
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=BX9GHBLG
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=C6YBJ51G
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=D2FJ8ETA

Career Academy Ccna cd 5
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=GJA6R8C8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=IDT1WVP4
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=K97LSVK0
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=TZX82KOK

Reference : milis ccna-exam@yahoogroups.com

Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 2 Exam Answers

2008-05-29T13:34:00.002+07:00

1 A static route that points to the next hop IP will have what administrative distance and metric in the routing table?

administrative distance of 0 and metric of 0
administrative distance of 0 and metric of 1
* administrative distance of 1 and metric of 0
administrative distance of 1 and metric of 1

2 What address can be used to summarize networks 172.16.1.0/24, 172.16.2.0/24, 172.16.3.0/24, and 172.16.4.0/24?

* 172.16.0.0/21
172.16.1.0/22
172.16.0.0 255.255.255.248
172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0

3

The routers in the diagram use the subnet assignments shown. What is the most efficient route summary that can be configured on Router3 to advertise the internal networks to the cloud?

192.1.1.0/26 and 192.1.1.64/27
192.1.1.128/25
192.1.1.0/23 and 192.1.1.64/23
192.1.1.0/24
* 192.1.1.0/25
192.1.1.0/24 and 192.1.1.64/24

4

Refer to the exhibit. What is the significance of the /8 in the route to the 10.0.0.0 network?

It indicates that there are 8 hops between this router and the 10.0.0.0 network.
It represents the time, in milliseconds, it takes for a ping to reply when sent to the 10.0.0.0 network.
It indicates that there are 8 subnets in the destination network to which the router can forward packets.
* It indicates the number of consecutive bits, from the left, in the destination IP address of a packet that must match 10.0.0.0 to use that route.

5

Refer to the exhibit. How will packets destined to the 172.16.0.0 network be forwarded?

* Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/0.
Router1 will perform recursive lookup and packet will exit S0/1.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will be dropped.
There is no matching interface associated with network 172.16.0.0 so packets will take gateway of last resort and exit out S0/2.

6 A network administrator enters the following command into Router1: ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 S0/1/0. Router1 then receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.0.22/24. After finding the recently configured static route in the routing table, what does Router1 do next to process the packet?

drops the packet because the destination host is not listed in the routing table
looks up the MAC address of the S0/1/0 interface to determine the destination MAC address of the new frame
performs a recursive lookup for the IP address of the S0/1/0 interface before forwarding the packet
* encapsulates the packet into a frame for the WAN link and forwards the packet out the S0/1/0 interface

7
Refer to the exhibit. Given the output in the exhibit, how would a clock rate be determined for this link?

The rate would be negotiated by both routers.
A rate would not be selected due to the DCE/DTE connection mismatch.
The rate configured on the DTE determines the clock rate.
* The rate configured on the DCE determines the clock rate.

8
Refer to the exhibit. Which set of commands will configure static routes that will allow the WinterPark and the Altamonte routers to deliver packets from each LAN and direct all other traffic to the Internet?

* WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 198.18.222.0 255.255.255.255 s0/1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1
WinterPark(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
WinterPark(config)# ip route 172.191.67.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.1
Altamonte(config)# ip route 10.0.234.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.146.2
Altamonte(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0

9 Hosts on two separate subnets cannot communicate. The network administrator suspects a missing route in one of the routing tables. Which three commands can be used to help troubleshoot Layer 3 connectivity issues? (Choose three.)

* ping
show arp
* traceroute
* show ip route
show interface
show cdp neighbor detail

10
Refer to the exhibit. A company network engineer is assigned to establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks so that hosts on the 10.1.1.0/24 subnet can contact hosts on the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet. The engineer has been told to use only static routing for these company routers. Which set of commands will establish connectivity between the two Ethernet networks?

R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
* R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R1(config)# ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.1
R2(config)# ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1
R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1

11 Which of the following are displayed by the Router# show cdp neighbors command? (Choose three.)

load
* platform
reliability
* holdtime
* local interface

12
Refer to the exhibit. What two commands are required to provide connectivity between the 192.168.1.0 and 10.0.0.0 networks without requiring recursive lookup? (Choose two.)

* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/1/0
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A (config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s 0/0/0
* B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/0/0
B (config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.40.1
B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s 0/1/0

13
Refer to the exhibit. What two commands will change the next-hop address for the 10.0.0.0/8 network from 172.16.40.2 to 192.168.1.2? (Choose two.)

A(config)# no network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# no ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
* A(config)# no ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.40.2
A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0/0/0
* A(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.1.2

14 What happens to a static route entry in a routing table when the outgoing interface is not available?

* The route is removed from the table.
The router polls neighbors for a replacement route.
The route remains in the table because it was defined as static.
The router redirects the static route to compensate for the loss of the next hop device.

15 A router has one static route to each destination network. Which two scenarios would require an administrator to alter the static routes that are configured on that router? (Choose two.)

* The destination network no longer exists.
The destination network is moved to a different interface on the same router.
The path between the source and destination is upgraded with a higher bandwidth link.
* A topology change occurs where the existing next-hop address or exit interface is not accessible.
The remote destination network interface has to be down for 15 minutes of maintenance.

16 Why is it advisable to enter a next-hop IP address when creating a static route whose exit interface is an Ethernet network?

Adding the next-hop address eliminates the need for the router to do any lookups in the routing table before forwarding a packet.
* In a multi-access network, the router cannot determine the next-hop MAC address for the Ethernet frame without a next-hop address.
Using a next-hop address in a static route provides a route with a lower metric.
In multi-access networks, using a next-hop address in a static route makes that route a candidate default route.

17 The output of the Router# show interfaces serial 0/1 command displays the following:

Serial0/1 is up, line protocol is down.

What is the most likely cause for the line protocol being down?

Serial0/1 is shutdown.
There is no cable connecting the routers.
The remote router is using serial 0/0.
* No clock rate has been set.

18
Refer to the exhibit. Which static route should be configured on Router1 so that host A will be able to reach host B on the 172.16.0.0 network?

ip route 192.168.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.1
ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/1
* ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 S0/0/0

19 What two devices are responsible for converting the data from the WAN service provider into a form acceptable by the router? (Choose two).

the serial port of the router
* a modem
a switch
the ethernet port of the router
* a CSU/DSU device
a DTE device

20
Which of the following is true regarding CDP and the graphic shown?

CDP running on Router D will gather information about routers A, B, C, and E.
* By default, Router A will receive CDP advertisements from routers B and C.
If routers D and E are running different routing protocols, they will not exchange CDP information.
Router E can use CDP to identify the IOS running on Router B.

21 Which two statements describe functions or characteristics of CDP? (Choose two.)

* It starts up automatically and allows the device to detect directly connected neighbor devices that use CDP.
It operates at the network layer and allows two systems to learn about each other.
It creates a topology map of the entire network.
* It allows systems to learn about each other even if different network layer protocols are configured.
It forwards advertisements about routes for faster convergence.

22 Which piece of information is available from examining the output of the command show ip interface brief?

Interface speed and duplex
Interface MTU
Errors
Interface MAC address
* Interface IP address

Part 2 (ICND2)

2008-05-28T14:14:00.000+07:00

Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 2 (ICND2), is a Cisco®-authorized, self-paced learning tool for CCNA® foundation learning. This book provides you with the knowledge needed to install, operate, and troubleshoot a small to medium-size branch office enterprise network, including configuring several switches and routers, connecting to a WAN, and implementing network security.
In Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 2 (ICND2), you will study actual router and switch output to aid your understanding of how to configure these devices. Many notes, tips, and cautions are also spread throughout the book. Specific topics include constructing medium-size routed and switched networks, OSPF and EIGRP implementation, access control lists (ACL), address space management, and LAN extensions into a WAN. Chapter-ending review questions illustrate and help solidify the concepts presented in the book.

Review the Cisco IOS® Software command structure for routers and switches
Build LANs and understand how to overcome problems associated with Layer 2 switching
Evaluate the differences between link-state and distance vector routing protocols
Configure and troubleshoot OSPF in a single area
Configure and troubleshoot EIGRP
Identify and filter traffic with ACLs
Use Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT) to conserve IPv4 address space and implement IPv6
Connect different sites over WANs or the Internet using IPsec VPN, SSL VPN, leased line, and Frame Relay connections

http://rapidshare.com/files/116675948/ICND2_3rdEdition_feb2008.7z

pass: hfristiadi

Part 1 (ICND1), Second Edition

2008-05-27T16:37:00.000+07:00

Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 1 (ICND1), Second Edition, is a Cisco®-authorized, self-paced learning tool for CCENT™ and CCNA® foundation learning. This book provides you with the knowledge needed to configure Cisco switches and routers to operate in corporate internetworks. By reading this book, you will gain a thorough understanding of concepts and configuration procedures required to build a multiswitch, multirouter, and multigroup internetwork that uses LAN and WAN interfaces for the most commonly used routing and routed protocols.
In Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices, Part 1 (ICND1), you will study installation and configuration information that network administrators need to install and configure Cisco products. Specific topics include building a simple network, Ethernet LANs, wireless LANs (WLANs), LAN and WAN connections, and network management. Chapter-ending review questions illustrate and help solidify the concepts presented in the book.

Understand the principles on which basic networks operate
Explore the operation and configuration of LANs
Extend the boundaries of the network by implementing and securing wireless connectivity
Configure routers to provide connectivity between different networks
Learn about IP addressing number conversion
Establish WAN interconnectivity using point-to-point links, DSL, and cable services
Configure Network Address Translation (NAT)
Use Cisco IOS® commands to determine the layout of a Cisco network topology
Manage the router startup and work with IOS configuration files and Cisco IOS images
This volume is in the Certification Self-Study Series offered by Cisco Press®. Books in this series provide officially developed self-study solutions to help networking professionals understand technology implementations and prepare for the Cisco Career Certifications examinations.

http://rapidshare.com/files/116675573/ICND1_2ndEdition_jan2008.7z

pass: hfristiadi

GNS3 "Cisco Graphical Simulator

2008-05-09T17:18:00.000+07:00

Cisco Graphical Simulator or GNS3

GNS3 is a graphical network simulator that allows you to design complex network topologies and to launch simulations on them.

To allow complete simulations, GNS3 is strongly linked with :

* Dynamips, an IOS emulator which allows users to run IOS binary images from Cisco Systems.
* Dynagen, a text-based front-end for Dynamips.

GNS3 is a excellent complementary tool to real labs for administrators of Cisco networks or people wanting to pass their CCNA, CCNP, CCIP or CCIE certifications.

It can also be used to experiment features of Cisco IOS or to check configurations that need to be deployed later on real routers. This project is an open source product that may be used on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, and MacOS X.
Features overview

* Designing high quality complex network topologies.
* Emulating Cisco routers.
* Simulating simple Ethernet, ATM and Frame Relay switches.
* Load and save in Dynagen’s INI-like format.
* Image export (JPEG, PNG, BMP and XPM).

Important notice: users must provide their own Cisco IOS to use GNS3.

Possibly related posts: (automatically generated)

* Cisco Graphical Simulator or GNS3
* Dynamips With GNS (Graphical Network Simulator)
* Cisco 2950 and 2950G Switch Overview
* Cisco 7200 Simulator - handy for testing your skills on CCNA..
Manual Documentation

Reference gns3.net

640-802 Exam preparation

2008-05-09T16:10:00.000+07:00

With the complete collection of and answers pass4sure has assembled to take you through Q&A your 640-802 Exam preparation, you will cover every field and category helping to ready you for your successful Cisco Certification. Each Q & A set will test your existing knowledge of Cisco fundamentals, and is complemented by our interactive Testing Engine.
Download 640-802 (245 Qs) Mirror 1 4Shared NOW!
Download 640-802 (245 Qs) Mirror 2 Rapidshare NOW!

Cisco Router Configuration Commands

2008-05-09T16:07:00.000+07:00

Cisco Router Configuration Commands

Requirement	Cisco Command
Set a console password to cisco	Router(config)#line con 0 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password cisco
Set a telnet password	Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password cisco
Stop console timing out	Router(config)#line con 0 Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
Set the enable password to cisco	Router(config)#enable password cisco
Set the enable secret password to peter. This password overrides the enable password and is encypted within the config file	Router(config)#enable secret peter
Enable an interface	Router(config-if)#no shutdown
To disable an interface	Router(config-if)#shutdown
Set the clock rate for a router with a DCE cable to 64K	Router(config-if)clock rate 64000
Set a logical bandwidth assignment of 64K to the serial interface	Router(config-if)bandwidth 64 Note that the zeroes are not missing
To add an IP address to a interface	Router(config-if)#ip addr 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
To enable RIP on all 172.16.x.y interfaces	Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
Disable RIP	Router(config)#no router rip
To enable IRGP with a AS of 200, to all interfaces	Router(config)#router igrp 200 Router(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
Disable IGRP	Router(config)#no router igrp 200
Static route the remote network is 172.16.1.0, with a mask of 255.255.255.0, the next hop is 172.16.2.1, at a cost of 5 hops	Router(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 5
Disable CDP for the whole router	Router(config)#no cdp run
Enable CDP for he whole router	Router(config)#cdp run
Disable CDP on an interface	Router(config-if)#no cdp enable

Cisco Router Show Commands

Requirement	Cisco Command
View version information	show version
View current configuration (DRAM)	show running-config
View startup configuration (NVRAM)	show startup-config
Show IOS file and flash space	show flash
Shows all logs that the router has in its memory	show log
View the interface status of interface e0	show interface e0
Overview all interfaces on the router	show ip interfaces brief
View type of serial cable on s0	show controllers 0 (note the space between the 's' and the '0')
Display a summary of connected cdp devices	show cdp neighbor
Display detailed information on all devices	show cdp entry *
Display current routing protocols	show ip protocols
Display IP routing table	show ip route
Display access lists, this includes the number of displayed matches	show access-lists
Check the router can see the ISDN switch	show isdn status
Check a Frame Relay PVC connections	show frame-relay pvc
show lmi traffic stats	show frame-relay lmi
Display the frame inverse ARP table	show frame-relay map

Cisco Router Basic Operations

Requirement	Cisco Command
Enable	Enter privileged mode
Return to user mode from privileged	disable
Exit Router	Logout or exit or quit
Recall last command	up arrow or
Recall next command	down arrow or
Suspend or abort
Refresh screen output
Compleat Command	TAB

Cisco Router Copy Commands

Requirement	Cisco Command
Save the current configuration from DRAM to NVRAM	copy running-config startup-config
Merge NVRAM configuration to DRAM	copy startup-config running-config
Copy DRAM configuration to a TFTP server	copy runing-config tftp
Merge TFTP configuration with current router configuration held in DRAM	copy tftp runing-config
Backup the IOS onto a TFTP server	copy flash tftp
Upgrade the router IOS from a TFTP server	copy tftp flash

Cisco Router Debug Commands

Requirement	Cisco Command
Enable debug for RIP	debug ip rip
Enable summary IGRP debug information	debug ip igrp events
Enable detailed IGRP debug information	debug ip igrp transactions
Debug IPX RIP	debug ipx routing activity
Debug IPX SAP	debug IPX SAP
Enable debug for CHAP or PAP	debug ppp authentication
Switch all debugging off	no debug all undebug all

download file : Cisco Router Configuration Commands.rar

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 4 Exam Answers

2008-05-09T15:36:00.001+07:00

1 Refer to the exhibit. What two pieces of information can be determined from the output that is shown? (Choose two.)
The local host is using well-known port numbers to identify the source ports.
* A termination request has been sent to 192.135.250.10.
Communication with 64.100.173.42 is using HTTP Secure.
* The local computer is accepting HTTP requests.
192.168.1.101:1042 is performing the three-way handshake with 128.107.229.50:80.

2 After a web browser makes a request to a web server that is listening to the standard port, what will be the source port number in the TCP header of the response from the server?
13
53
* 80
1024
1728

3 Which information is found in both the TCP and UDP header information?
sequencing
flow control
acknowledgments
*source and destination

4 Which is an important characteristic of UDP?
acknowledgement of data delivery
* minimal delays in data delivery
high reliability of data delivery
same order data delivery

5 Refer to the exhibit. Host A is using FTP to download a large file from Server 1. During the download process, Server 1 does not receive an acknowledgment from Host A for several bytes of transferred data. What action will Server 1 take as a result?
create a Layer 1 jam signal
* reach a timeout and resend the data that needs to be acknowledged
send a RESET bit to the host
change the window size in the Layer 4 header

6 Refer to the exhibit. In line 7 of this Wireshark capture, what TCP operation is being performed?
* session establishment
segment retransmit
data transfer
session disconnect

7 Refer to the exhibit. The initial TCP exchange of data between two hosts is shown in the exhibit. Assuming an initial sequence number of 0, what sequence number will be included in Acknowledgment 2 if Segment 6 is lost?
2
3
6
* 1850
3431
3475

8 Why is flow control used for TCP data transfer?
to synchronize equipment speed for sent data
to synchronize and order sequence numbers so data is sent in complete numerical order
* to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by incoming data
to synchronize window size on the server
to simplify data transfer to multiple hosts

9 During a TCP communication session, if the packets arrive to the destination out of order, what will happen to the original message?
The packets will not be delivered.
The packets will be retransmitted from the source.
* The packets will be delivered and reassembled at the destination.
The packets will be delivered and not reassembled at the destination.

10 With TCP/IP data encapsulation, which range of port numbers identifies all well-known applications?
0 to 255
256 to 1022
* 0 to 1023
1024 to 2047
49153 to 65535

11 Which transport layer protocol provides low overhead and would be used for applications which do not require reliable data delivery?
TCP
IP
* UDP
HTTP
DNS

12 What are two features of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)? (Choose two.)
flow control
* low overhead
* connectionless
connection-oriented
sequence and acknowledgements

13 What mechanism is used by TCP to provide flow control as segments travel from source to destination?
sequence numbers
session establishment
* window size
acknowledgments

14 What is dynamically selected by the source host when forwarding data?
destination logical address
source physical address
default gateway address
* source port

15 Why are port numbers included in the TCP header of a segment?
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
* to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order

16 Which two options represent Layer 4 addressing? (Choose two.)
identifies the destination network
identifies source and destination hosts
* identifies the communicating applications
* identifies multiple conversations between the hosts
identifies the devices communicating over the local media

17 Which three features allow TCP to reliably and accurately track the transmission of data from source to destination?
encapsulation
* flow control
connectionless services
* session establishment
* numbering and sequencing
best effort delivery

18 Which OSI model layer is responsible for regulating the flow of information from source to destination, reliably and accurately?
application
presentation
session
* transport
network

19 Based on the transport layer header shown in the diagram, which of the following statements describe the established session? (Choose two.)
This is a UDP header.
* This contains a Telnet request.
This contains a TFTP data transfer.
The return packet from this remote host will have an Acknowledgement Number of 43693.
* This is a TCP header.

20 Which event occurs during the transport layer three-way handshake?
The two applications exchange data.
* TCP initializes the sequence numbers for the sessions.
UDP establishes the maximum number of bytes to be sent.
The server acknowledges the bytes of data received from the client.

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 3 Exam Answers

2008-05-09T15:35:00.001+07:00

1 A network administrator is designing a network for a new branch office of twenty-five users. What are the advantages of using a client-server model? (Choose two.)
* centralized administration
does not require specialized software
* security is easier to enforce
lower cost implementation
provides a single point of failure

2 Which of the following are benefits of peer-to-peer networks? (Choose three.)
centralized security
* easy to create
very scalable
* no centralized equipment required
* centralized administrator not required
centralized control of assets

3 Which two protocols are used to control the transfer of web resources from a web server to a client browser? (Choose two.)
ASP
FTP
HTML
* HTTP
* HTTPS
IP

4 Which statements are correct concerning the role of the MTA in handling email? (Choose three.)
routes email to the MDA on other servers
* receives email from the client's MUA
receives email via the POP3 protocol
* passes email to the MDA for final delivery
* uses SMTP to route email between servers
delivers email to clients via the POP3 protocol

5 What is the automated service that matches resource names with the required IP address?
HTTP
SSH
FQDN
* DNS
Telnet
SMTP

6 What three protocols operate at the Application layer of the OSI model? (Choose three.)
ARP
* DNS
PPP
* SMTP
* POP
ICMP

7 What are the two forms of application layer software? (Choose two.)
* applications
processes
* services
dialogs
syntax
daemons

8 What are three properties of peer-to-peer applications? (Choose three.)
* acts as both a client and server within the same communication
requires centralized account administration
* hybrid mode includes a centralized directory of files
* can be used in client-server networks
does not require specialized software
centralized authentication is required

9 Which application layer protocols correctly match a corresponding function? (Choose two.)
DNS dynamically allocates IP addresses to hosts
* HTTP transfers data from a web server to a client
POP delivers email from the client to the server email server
SMTP supports file sharing
Telnet provides a virtual connection for remote access

10 Which are valid DNS resource record types? (Choose three.)
* A
* NS
MTA
* MX
FQDN
MAU

11 Which email components are used to forward mail between servers? (Choose two.)
MDA
IMAP
* MTA
POP
* SMTP
MUA

12 What is the primary disadvantage of telnet?
does not support authentication
consumes network bandwidth
utilizes client resources
not widely available
* does not support encryption
requires remote access

13 What are three common HTTP message types? (Choose three.)
* GET
PUSH
* POST
HTML
UPLOAD
* PUT

14 Which of the following are examples of TCP/IP application layer protocols? (Choose three.)
* a terminal emulation protocol that supports remote console connections with various network devices
a protocol created by IBM that makes it easier for mainframes to connect to remote offices
* a protocol responsible for transporting electronic mail on TCP/IP networks and the Internet
a protocol that controls the rate at which data is sent to another computer
* a protocol that exchanges network management information between a network device and a management console

Network Fundamentals - Chapter 2 Exam Answers

2008-05-09T15:27:00.000+07:00

1
Which two layers of the OSI model have the same functions as the TCP/IP model Network Access Layer? (Choose two.)
Network
Transport
* Physical

* Data Link
Session

2 What is a primary function of the trailer information added by the data link layer encapsulation?
* supports error detection
ensures ordered arrival of data
provides delivery to correct destination
identifies the devices on the local network
assists intermediary devices with processing and path selection

3 During the encapsulation process, what occurs at the data link layer?
No address is added.
The logical address is added.
* The physical address is added.
The process port number is added.

4 What device is considered an intermediary device?
file server
IP phone
laptop
printer
* switch

5.Which layer encapsulates the segment into packets?
physical
data link
*network
transport6Which statements correctly identify the role of intermediary devices in the network? (Choose three.)
* determine pathways for data
initiate data communications
* retime and retransmit data signals
originate the flow of data
* manage data flows
final termination point for data flow

7 What can be identified by examining the network layer header?
the destination device on the local media
* the path to use to reach the destination host
the bits that will be transferred over the media
the source application or process creating the data

8 What is the proper order of the layers of the OSI model from the highest layer to the lowest layer?
physical, network, application, data link, presentation, session, transport
application, physical, session, transport, network, data link, presentation
application, presentation, physical, session, data link, transport, network
* application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, physical
presentation, data link, session, transport, network, physical, application

9 Refer to the exhibit. Which three labels correctly identify the network types for the network segments that are shown? (Choose three.)
Network A -- WAN
* Network B -- WAN
* Network C -- LAN
Network B -- MAN
Network C -- WAN
* Network A -- LAN

10 What are the key functions of encapsulation? (Choose three.)
allows modification of the original data before transmission
* identifies pieces of data as part of the same communication
enables consistent network paths for communication
* ensures that data pieces can be directed to the correct receiving end device
* enables the reassembly of complete messages
tracks delay between end devices

11 Refer to the exhibit. Which networking term describes the data interleaving process represented in the graphic?
piping
PDU
streaming
*multiplexing
encapsulation

12 What is a PDU?
corruption of a frame during transmission
data reassembled at the destination
retransmitted packets due to lost communication
* a layer specific encapsulation

13 Refer to the exhibit. "Cell A" at IP address 10.0.0.34 has established an IP session with "IP Phone 1" at IP address 172.16.1.103. Based upon the graphic, which device type best describes the function of wireless device "Cell A?"
the destination device
* an end device
an intermediate device
a media device

14 Refer to the exhibit. Which set of devices contains only end devices?
A, C, D
B, E, G, H
C, D, G, H, I, J
D, E, F, H, I, J
* E, F, H, I, J

15 Refer to the exhibit. Which term correctly identifies the device type that is included in the green area?
source
end
transfer
* intermediary

16 Which three statements best describe a Local Area Network (LAN)? (Choose three.)
* A LAN is usually in a single geographical area.
* The network is administered by a single organization.
The connection between segments in the LAN is usually through a leased connection.
The security and access control of the network are controlled by a service provider.
* A LAN provides network services and access to applications for users within a common organization.
Each end of the network is generally connected to a Telecommunication Service Provider (TSP).

17 Refer to the exhibit. What type of network is shown?
WAN
MAN
* LAN
WLAN

18 What is the purpose of the TCP/IP Network Access layer?
path determination and packet switching
* data representation, encoding, and control
reliability, flow control, and error detection
detailing the components that make up the physical link and how to access it
the division of segments into packets

19 Which characteristic correctly refers to end devices in a network?
manage data flows
originate data flow
* retime and retransmit data signals
determine pathways for data

20 What is the primary purpose of Layer 4 port assignment?
to identify devices on the local media
to identify the hops between source and destination
to identify to the intermediary devices the best path through the network
to identify the source and destination end devices that are communicating
* to identify the processes or services that are communicating within the end devices

21 Select the statements that are correct concerning network protocols. (Choose three.)
* define the structure of layer specific PDU's
dictate how to accomplish layer functions
* outline the functions necessary for communications between layers
limit hardware compatibility
* require layer dependent encapsulations
eliminate standardization among vendors